HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I Was ist aufklrung Kant and the spirit of enlightenment II Intellectual currents III Late 17th century origins a discourse of opposition to absolutism IV More on John Locke a formidable theory of learning V The impulse to complete classify and order VI Humanitarianism Outline of Current Lecture Concerns to keep in mind A Politics 1 Liberalism 2 Republicanism 3 Nationalism 4 Challenge to monarchical rule 5 Who takes part in political life B Religion 1 Addresses Christendom C Economic freedom 1 Private property D Central concern of revolution the rights of the people I Background and context the old regime These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute A Government absolutist monarchy B The old regime pre revolutionary France 1 Everyone was a member of an estate a 1st estate the clergy men and women in Holy Orders b 2nd estate aristocracy landed nobility c 3rd estate everyone else peasantry farmers the poor Bourgeoisiemiddle class 2 What is society based on a Status is fixed at birth social mobility is not incorporated into society b Society is based on legal inequality c Society guided by privilege II Origins Fiscal crisis of the state A Fiscal crisis necessary for the French Revolution to take place 1 Majority of money going to war 2 Lack of money demanded reform tax reform B Principles of Enlightenment also had effect 1 Provides frame of reference to view old regime 2 Rejects unnatural hierarchy encouragement of progress 3 Popular sovereignty and individual freedom C Everything adds up to discourse directed at government 1 By 1780 s absolutism comes under intense criticism III The Estates General crisis widens A Estates General old regime containing delegates elected by each estate 1 Supposed to meet to discuss tax reform and political reform 2 Couldn t agree on anything not even on how to vote 3 Louis XIV gets tired of fighting locks delegates out of their meeting hall a Tennis Court Oath June 20 1789 declare themselves the national assembly of the French nation promise to meet until a constitution for the new government is devised IV Timely interventions role of the common people A Bastille 1 Assault on the Bastille demanded of the governor to hand over weapons seize the Bastille decapitate governor burn prison down symbol of monarchical despotism 2 Assault on Bastille forced Louis XIV to recognize the National Assembly B The Great Fear 1 A rumor spread that the aristocracy wanted to purposefully starve the peasants 2 Peasants went to aristocrats homes to demand charters 3 Shows that peasantry mistrusted aristocracy C Leads to abolition of feudal system 1 Aristocracy gives up privileges
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