HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I. Was ist aufklrung? Kant and the spirit of enlightenmentII. Intellectual currentsIII. Late 17th century origins: a discourse of opposition to absolutismIV. More on John Locke: a formidable theory of learningV. The impulse to complete, classify, and orderVI. HumanitarianismOutline of Current Lecture*Concerns to keep in mindA. Politics1. Liberalism2. Republicanism3. Nationalism4. Challenge to monarchical rule5. Who takes part in political life?B. Religion1. Addresses Christendom C. Economic freedom1. Private propertyD. Central concern of revolution: the rights of the peopleI. Background and context: the old regimeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Government: absolutist monarchyB. The old regime: pre-revolutionary France1. Everyone was a member of an estatea. 1st estate: the clergy (men and women in Holy Orders)b. 2nd estate: aristocracy (landed nobility)c. 3rd estate: everyone else (peasantry, farmers, the poor, *Bourgeoisie-middle class)2. What is society based on?a. Status is fixed at birth: social mobility is not incorporated into societyb. Society is based on legal inequalityc. Society guided by privilege II. Origins: Fiscal crisis of the stateA. Fiscal crisis necessary for the French Revolution to take place1. Majority of money going to war2. Lack of money demanded reform>tax reformB. Principles of Enlightenment also had effect1. Provides frame of reference to view old regime2. Rejects unnatural hierarchy –encouragement of progress3. Popular sovereignty and individual freedomC. Everything adds up to discourse directed at government1. By 1780’s, absolutism comes under intense criticismIII. The Estates General: crisis widensA. Estates General: old regime containing delegates elected by each estate1. Supposed to meet to discuss tax reform and political reform2. Couldn’t agree on anything-not even on how to vote3. Louis XIV gets tired of fighting-locks delegates out of their meeting halla. Tennis Court Oath (June 20, 1789)-declare themselves the national assembly of the French nation, promise to meet until a constitution for the new government is devisedIV. Timely interventions: role of the common peopleA. Bastille1. Assault on the Bastille: demanded of the governor to hand over weapons, seize the Bastille, decapitate governor, burn prison down (symbol of monarchical despotism)2. Assault on Bastille forced Louis XIV to recognize the National Assembly B. The Great Fear1. A rumor spread that the aristocracy wanted to purposefully starve the peasants2. Peasants went to aristocrats homes to demand charters3. Shows that peasantry mistrusted aristocracyC. Leads to abolition of feudal system1. Aristocracy gives up
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