HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 27 Outline of Last Lecture I. Late 19th century NationalismII. Second industrial revolutionIII. Late 19th century imperialismIV. Science and theories of conquestOutline of Current Lecture I. The “so what” question-why is the great war important?A. A heavy price for all involved in the war-winners and losers1. British are the winners-get more land as reparations, BUT went into debt2. France submits to GermanyII. The trigger-murder in SarajevoA. Short term causes1. Murder of Franz Ferdinand, heir to throne of Austria (June 28th, 1914)i. Leads to July crisis: Austria makes demands on Serbia who refuse, Austria declares war on Serbia2. Bosnia is a territory of Austria3. Serbian holiday-Bosnia wanted to be independent and unite with Serbia because the majority of people in Bosnia were Serbians4. Gavrillo Princip was the assassinIII. Wider background: context and settingA. Unifications of Italy and Germany upsets old balance of powerB. Nationalism creates the idea of the OTHERIV. Diplomatic developmentsA. The origins of the alliance system1. Triple alliance (1882): Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy2. Secret treaty between Germany and Russia3. Treaty system developed by Otto von Bismarck; convinced Kaiser to do this in order to isolate France to make it a weak countryB. 1888, Wilhelm I dies, succeeded by son who dies of terminal cancer a couple of months laterC. William II, eases Bismarck out, Bismarck’s system falls apart; advisors tell William II not to continue treaty with Russia (leads to Russia and France talking to each other leading to a treaty between France and Russia), A treaty between France These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.and Russia concerns Germany because it could lead to a two front war, growing tension between British (Saxe-Coburg-Gothe) and GermansV. Anglo-German naval rivalryA. Admiral Tirpitz1. Announce German naval building project i. This is threatening to the British2. Germans think that the British are declining i. British react forcefullyii. British start building a new battleship: dreadnoughts iii. Start laying out groundwork for when war comesiv. Germans start building dreadnoughts3. All great European powers start building dreadnoughts; naval arms race4. Leads to alliance between British and FrenchVI. “Flashpoints” (conflicts of rivalry over colonies that almost spark war between European states)A. Morocco, 1905: country in Northwest Africai. 1905, French send troops into Moroccoii. Germans react by sending gunboat there (challenge to French)iii. The only thing keeping them from going to war is their alliance systems; fosters hostilityB. Bosnia, 1908: had been occupied by Austria (1878), prior to this, Ottomansi. Background: by 1907, Triple alliance and triple entente (France, Britain, Russia) are in placeii. After being declared by Austria, Russians ready to go to war with Austria VII. Final Acts, Balkan Wars, 1912-13A. Balkan Wars set the stage to WWI 1. 1st Balkan War: Serbs, Bulgarians, Greeks, Montenegro form Balkan league and drive Ottoman’s out of Europe2. 2nd Balkan War: between all the countries arguing over who gets the territory they’ve just obtained; Austria becomes obsessed with Serbiai. Austria thinks they’ll teach a lesson to all the
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