HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 25 Outline of Last Lecture I. Terms and definitions: why is nationalism important?II. Nationalism in the early 19th centuryIII. From “geographic expression” to unified state: the Italian questionA. Mazzini and young ItalyB. Cavour and the role of SardiniaC. Wars of unificationD. Post-unification problemsOutline of Current Lecture I. Pope Pius IXA. Syllabus of Errors (1864): declares war on every aspect of modernityB. Papal infallibility: can never be wrong II. The rise of PrussiaA. Sardinia is the leading Italian state, Prussia is the equal of Sardinia in GermanyB. Prussia is deeply conservative1. Powerful ruling house and monarchy, privileged aristocracy-Hohenzollern2. Junkers-Prussian aristocracyC. German economic resurgenceIII. Otto von BismarckThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Chief architect of German unificationB. Dominant European statesmanC. Wore military tunics1. Not actually in the military2. The effect of the military on society3. Junker-conservative4. Becomes minister president (1852)5. Realpolitik: “power politics”; do what it takes to get where you want to go without ethical normsD. Organizes Germany1. North German Confederation 2. Pushes Austria out of German Affairs IV. Wars of unificationA. Schleswig-Holstein (1864)1. The Schleswig-Holstein question: Bismarck lures Austrians into a war, Austrians are crushed2. First war to make good use of railroads for transportationB. Franco-Prussian war (1870-71)1. A trap that humiliates French2. Last war Germany will ever win3. Leads to V. The German ReichA. After wars of unification, leads to German ReichB. William I is 1st emperor of Germany1. Crowned at Versailles to humiliate the French2. Everyone who attended was military (militaristic
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