HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 31 Outline of Last Lecture I Introduction II On the eve of the war III Total war and political crisis IV 1917 Outline of Current Lecture I March on Rome October 28 1922 A Hordes of Black shirts were gathering around the city to impose themselves and show their strength B An attempt to intimidate the government C Luigi Facta 1 Prime minister 2 Wrote to the king Victor Emmanuel III to plead for marshal law not granted 3 Prime minister resigned 4 Mussolini appointed to Prime minister position by the king he had wide military and property owning middle class support 5 1st successful fascist movement II Mussolini s Rise to Power A Wider context post war chaos 1 By 1918 1919 2 Economy was badly hit by end of war i Borrowed a lot of money during war ii Caused inflation and food shortages iii Heightened taxes 3 Italy had been promised territorial concessions if they entered the war i This doesn t happen ii Deep grievances over this treatment because of how many men lost and injured iii Resentment and sense of disillusionment iv Nationalist feelings B Radicalized peasantry and working class 1 Everyone had been asked to make sacrifices i Economic positions decreased within middle and peasantry class 2 Radicalizes lots of people i The government lacks legitimacy ii Socialist militants These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute iii iv III Wave of strikes that culminate in the fall of 1920 occupy factories Peasants refused to pay rent to landlords and sometimes even seized the estates of latafundia v Liberal government incapable of reacting to the list of grievances The fascist party defender of property and power A Within the array of chaos fascist party steps in 1 Most of them step in in a completely constitutional way B Chief characteristics 1 Core characteristic radical nationalist parties loyalties are to the nation it always takes first place 2 The nation itself is at risk it has enemies all around it who threaten the wellbeing of the national community xenophobia 3 National identity defined by ethnic or racial terms 4 Deep sense of grievance and loss draws in lots of people especially veterans 5 First enemy is the political left the socialists communists Marxists 6 Fundamental difference is that communists abolish private property while Fascists defend property rights 7 Liberal state was ineffective fascists targeted parliamentary democracy because it sows the seeds of division when the nation should be one 8 As soon as they take power they abolish political parties because they undermined the unity of the people 9 Defined by a kind of cult of the leadership the leaders play a charismatic role and there are even worshippers of the leaders C Who does it appeal to 1 Property owning middle class
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