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ISU HIS 102 - War begins (Sept. 1939-April 1940)
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HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 36 Outline of Last Lecture I. Rearming: Breaching Versailles Military LimitsII. Reoccupying the Rhineland: Breaching Versailles Territorial ProvisionsIII. Fascist Italy and Ethiopia: Failure of the League of NationsIV. Spanish Civil War: A Polarized EuropeV. Anschluss Austria’s AnnexationVI. Sudeten Crisis: Appeasing HitlerVII. Last ActsA. Dismantling CzechoslovakiaB. Nazi-Soviet PactOutline of Current Lecture I. War begins (Sept. 1939-April 1940)A. Poland1. After signing the non-aggression pact with Soviet Union, attack Poland i. Blitzkrieg: move fast, surprise enemyii. Britain and France both declare war on Germany but neither launch an attackiii. British and French mobilize armies and wait for Hitler to attack; form Maginot lines on French border B. “The Phony War”1. People were upset with the inactionC. Invasion of Denmark and Norway1. Denmark gave way immediately2. Norway gave way within a monthThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. Chamberlain withdrew from office and was replaced with Winston Churchill 4. Germany invaded France through the Ardennes forest i. Unguarded because it was assumed the forest could not be passed by modern armyII. The Anglo-American Front (May 1940-May 1945)A. Battle of France1. Britain’s air force was able to fight off just enough to allow evacuation to be extended2. Evacuated 340,000 men with all manner of boats3. Churchill able to spin the evacuation into enough of a victory to prevent the public from turning against the war effortB. Battle of Britain1. Hitler sends Luftwaffe and starts air attacks on Britain2. Key target was the air fields (trying to destroy the royal air force)3. Hitler backed down, unable to achieve what he wanted by the time the winter storms came but had Luftwaffe continue4. London Blitz: nighttime bombing raidsC. Battle of the Atlantic1. German shipping was interrupted by US and Britaini. British and US became good at decoding Enigma messages2. Cash and carry policy passed by Roosevelt i. Began American involvement in the warii. Roosevelt kept going around Congress to aid the war effortD. War shifts to North Africa, then Italy1. Campaign in North Africa against Egypt (Britain had armed forces stationed in Egypt)2. Battle of El Alameini. British were successful with help of Operation Torchii. Kicked Germans out into TunisiaE. Allied invasion of France1. Anglo-American fronti. Churchill’s strategy to bring Roosevelt into the war (British run out of money and become financially dependent on US)III. The Soviet Front (June 1941-May 1945)A. Barbarossa beginsB. Stalingrad and Kursk1. Germans try to take Stalingrad after failing to take Moscow2. Eventually, Germans are forced to abandon attempt3. Soviets have taken control of Eastern Front by 1943, but Germans still controlled large portions of West Soviet UnionC. Stalin’s “Left Turn” into Southeastern EuropeD. The Final Push to Berlin1. VE day (victory in Europe)IV. Who really was responsible for victoryA. By the Numbers1. Soviet front was larger and more pivotal for victory against the Nazi’s thanAnglo-American frontB. Differences between the two fronts1. In Soviet Fronts, soldiers forced to go forward because if they turned backthey’d have to deal with their own police force2. Soviets willing to take any kind of losses; not true for Britain and US3. British only went on the defensive at the end when US joined4. Area bombing: in discriminatory bombing (Bombing of Dresden) by Anglo-Americans C. Examining the Churchill Legend1. If British had been defeated in Egypt, the Germans would’ve pushed on tothe Middle East and have control of Suez canal and oil fields2. Oswald Mosley 3. King Edward VIII abdicated throne4. If Britain had fallen, they probably would’ve become a dictatorship and if this had happened, US could not have participated in


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ISU HIS 102 - War begins (Sept. 1939-April 1940)

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