HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture I. The starting place: the state of religion and church (1500)II. Who was Luther? his early lifeIII. Luther's break with Rome: the indulgences controversyOutline of Current Lecture I. Luther and politics: wars of religion (condemned by Pope-1519)A. Luther’s three most important points1. Faith (differs from Catholics because Catholics believe in good works)2. Priesthood of all believers (Eucharist, transubstantiation) even common people can have a direct relationship with God3. Primacy of the word (Bible=center of everything) this narrows to two sacramentsB. Luther refers to himself as a reformer-believed he was returning the church to how it should beC. Charles V-holy roman emperor and king of Spain1. Calls the Diet of Worms to denounce Luther and make him denounce his works2. Result: Edict of Worms, declares Luther an outlaw and excommunicates himD. Frederick of Saxony (king of Saxony)1. Gives Luther save haven where Luther translates Bible to German2. By supporting Luther, German princes gained land, asserted independenceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.E. Peace of Augsburg-between German princes and the holy roman emperor1. Princes choose the religion of their stateII. The reform movement spreadsA. Huldrych Zwingli of Switzerland1. Zwingli and Luther disagree on communiona. Zwingli thinks it’s a symbolb. Luther believes in consubstantiation (presence of Christ during communion) B. John Calvin1. French, educated, part of the reform movement2. God’s power is overwhelming3. Humans doomed eternally4. Predestination: fate decided before you are born5. Most zealous-church of saints6. Keeping the Sabbath-Sabbatarianism7. Institutes-outlines everything in the Bible8. Severe services-just preaching, no music, separation of sexes9. Iconoclasts-destroy symbolic images/statues, stained glass, religious images10. John Knox-follower of Calvina. Founds Presbyterian church (Calvinist) in Scotlandb. Scotland and Netherlands become CalvinistC. The English path: Henry VIII and the Anglican church1. Tudor Dynasty: kind of new, insecure2. Henry married to Spanish princess, Catharine of Aragon (daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella)a. Daughter was Mary, but Henry wanted a son-tries to annul marriage3. Goes to Pope Clement to get annulment-Pope does nothinga. Tired of waiting, parliament cuts off papal authority in England4. Asks archbishop of Canterbury for annulment-granted5. Passes Act of Supremacy-establishes Anglican church with Henry as heada. Under Elizabeth, Anglican church is refined and rules established with the 39 articles6. Diversity and division V. unity defines
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