HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture I. A middle class ageII. A culture of respectabilityIII. Middle class familyA. Separate spheresB. Defining genderIV. Sources of change: a nascent culture of consumptionOutline of Current Lecture I. Terms and definitions: why is nationalism important?A. Having a sense of nationalism is a big part of modernity; national identity B. The sense that you belong to a larger community that has shared values and cultureC. Nationalism is the most significant political ideology that mobilizes ideas in the world todayD. Definitions1. Nation: An “imagined” community, common tradition or way of life, a common language is the most important, shared history/common heritage, shared religionExamples: Kurds, Palestinians, Jews prior to modern times2. State: exercise violence, a governmentExamples: Nigeria, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Scottish, Irish, British, Welsh), RussiaII. Nationalism in the early 19th centuryA. In Western parts of Europe (where countries had been unified for a long time) national identity already existed, but it was latent to other identities (regional, local, religious)1. National identity only came to the forefront under times of war/crisisB. Eastern and Southern Europe, national identity was very undeveloped (Poland, Balkan peninsula)1. Rule by foreigners2. Low economic development-agrarian peopleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.3. Illiteracy-no established literary language, dialects prominent (a variation on a language)C. Stirred up by Napoleon Bonaparte 1. Because he takes over different areas and imposes taxesD. Fostering of national identity1. Development of public schools2. Railroads-breaks down localism by allowing travel3. Modern army-conscription III. From “geographic expression” (as defined by Metternich) to unified state: the Italian questionA. Mazzini and young Italy1. In the beginning of this period, Italy was politically divided2. Guiseppe Mazzini: raised learning the principles of Republicanism, his dream was to drive out the foreigners and unify the Italian nation, spends much of his life in exile (England) 3. Young Italy: a political party formed by Mazzini, based upon principles of unification under an Italian leaderB. Cavour and the role of Sardinia1. King of Sardinia plays huge role in unifying Italy2. Count Cavour: liberal military aristocrat, editor of Il Risorgimento (Resurgence, or the movement to unify Italy), prime minister of Sardinia in C. Wars of unification1. Italy is unified by war2. Wars from the North were an attempt to drive out the Austrians3. Wars in the South led by Guiseppe Garibaldi, wore redshirts, overthrew Bourbon monarchy in Naples4. 1861, unified kingdom of Italy was proclaimed-liberal nationalism-only part that wasn’t unified was Rome5. Held elections-First Italian king-Emmanuel II, House of Savoy6. 1866, gain Venetia7. 1870, Rome becomes capitalD. Post-unification problems1. Serious challenges even after unification2. Pope loses territories and goes into exile in the Vatican city for 60 years until Mussolini i. Excommunicates king and other aristocratsii. Tells Catholics not to vote in electionsiii. Hostility between church and monarchy3. Problems between North and Southi. North is industrialii. South is poor4. Languagei. No unified
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