HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 32 Outline of Last Lecture I. March on RomeII. Mussolini's rise to powerA. Broader context: post-war chaosB. Radicalized peasantry and working class III. The fascist party: defender of property and powerOutline of Current Lecture I. Civil war and nepA. Lenin’s Bolsheviks seize power during the October revolution1. Sent red guards to attack the winter palace2. Provisional government falls3. Lenin and followers declare a revolutionary state4. Want to end poverty and wealth inequality and oppression B. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk1. Russians surrender huge territories (Finland, Poland, Baltic provinces, Ukraine) to Germany2. Experienced as a great humiliationC. Spring, 19181. A number of armies form led by former generals of the czar’s army to crush the Bolsheviks and restore a version of the czarist regime (white army)2. Bolsheviks respond with the Red Army i. Raised by Trotsky3. This civil war lasts two and a half years (1918-1920)i. A lot of deathii. Agriculture ruined leads to famine at conclusion of war (1921-1922)iii. Millions starved to death as a result of the civil wariv. Bolsheviks win4. British and Americans aided the White Army which increased fear that they had no allies, made them paranoid and more isolated (siege mentality)D. Bolsheviks1. Authoritarian originsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Civil war militarizes the party3. Suspicion and resulting to violence enforces isolationE. New Economic Policy1. Supposed to re-allow private businesses, private market to develop economicrecovery2. Want to encourage farmers to grow for urban areas and market towns, not for subsistence (kulaks: successful, profitable farmers who grow for profit)II. The leadership struggleA. Lenin1. Paramount leader of the state2. Began to have a series of strokes, dies January, 19243. Who will succeed Lenin?B. Joseph Stalin1. 1st candidate 2. From Georgia (country)3. Had gone to seminary as a boy to become a priest, but then devotes his life to the Bolshevik revolution4. Not a great intellectual5. Backroom politician; had a whole system of support C. Leon Trotsky1. Serious intellectual; writer2. Great speaker3. Architect of the Red Army4. Had many enemies; Jewish and arrogantD. Stalin prevails 1. Goes after Trotsky’s allies2. Trotsky eventually forced to resign from government and then kicked out of the party and forced into exile (ends up in
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