HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I The Problem How did the death of the Middle Ages foster the origins of modernity II The Black Death 1347 1351 A Black Death B Unparalleled greatest natural disaster C Black Death enters through Sicily 1347 by ship and moves north through Europe D Europe s population decreases by about 23 million E Believed to be punishment from God divine retribution F Hits London in 1665 about 80 000 die III Feudal Crisis and the early National monarchies A A way of organizing political life B Lords or aristocrats vassals 1 Aristocrats are warriors and serve the king in exchange for fiefs land grants C Kings become really weak 1 Political power is decentralized controlled by barons D Late middle ages emergence of National Monarchies 1 Kings attempting to assert power and authority a Met resistance from Barons and Lords b Results in civil wars for power E Hundred Years War 1 French king began making claims England had claims on throne of France F War of the Roses 1 Lancaster white rose v York red rose both had claims on English throne 2 Henry Tudor wins with Battle of Bosworth Field and established the Tudor Dynasty 3 Henry Tudor a Lancaster married a York in order to unify England IV The Role of the church in the Medieval World A Catholic means universal 1 Pope is the head of the Catholic church 2 By the time of Pope Innocent pope s power was unmatched B Religion concerns all aspects of life pervasive God 1 Gothic churches are lasting evidence of fervor C Church is complicated with the rise of papal monarchy 1 Becomes a political power as well as spiritual 2 Dictates political appointments and marriages 3 Results in a flow of wealth back to Rome 4 Being spiritual and political creates problems These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute V A crisis of legitimacy A Phillip begins taxing church lands even though the church claimed to be exempt from taxes B Issuing of papal bull declaring 1 Everyone is the pope s servant 2 In response Phillip arrests the pope who dies in prison C Court of cardinals elects a new pope to benefit the French monarchy 1 New pope moves the papacy to Avignon 2 This is known as the Avignon Papacy or the Babylonian Captivity D 1378 court of cardinals elect two new popes Great Schism 1 One pope stays in Avignon the other returns to Rome E The Great Schism causes a crisis of legitimacy within the church 1 Church is weakened 2 Paves the way for reformers a Problems with simony sale of church offices b Problems with pluralism one person holding multiple church offices at one time c Problems with the sale of indulgences lessens time of dead in purgatory
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