HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. The Problem: How did the death of the Middle Ages foster the origins of modernityII. The Black Death, 1347-1351A. Black DeathB. Unparalleled greatest natural disasterC. Black Death enters through Sicily (1347) by ship and moves north through EuropeD. Europe’s population decreases by about 23 millionE. Believed to be punishment from God-divine retributionF. Hits London in 1665 (about 80,000 die)III. Feudal Crisis and the early National monarchiesA. A way of organizing political lifeB. Lords or aristocrats=vassals1. Aristocrats are warriors and serve the king in exchange for fiefs (land grants)C. Kings become really weak1. Political power is decentralized, controlled by baronsD. Late middle ages-emergence of National Monarchies1. Kings attempting to assert power and authoritya. Met resistance from Barons and Lordsb. Results in civil wars for powerE. Hundred Years War1. French king began making claims, England had claims on throne of FranceF. War of the Roses1. Lancaster (white rose) v. York (red rose), both had claims on English throne2. Henry Tudor wins with Battle of Bosworth Field and established the Tudor Dynasty3. Henry Tudor, a Lancaster, married a York in order to unify EnglandIV. The Role of the church in the Medieval WorldA. Catholic means universal1. Pope is the head of the Catholic church2. By the time of Pope Innocent, pope’s power was unmatchedB. Religion concerns all aspects of life (pervasive God)1. Gothic churches are lasting evidence of fervorC. Church is complicated with the rise of papal monarchy1. Becomes a political power as well as spiritual2. Dictates political appointments and marriages3. Results in a flow of wealth back to Rome4. Being spiritual and political creates problemsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.V. A crisis of legitimacyA. Phillip begins taxing church lands even though the church claimed to be exempt from taxesB. Issuing of papal bull declaring:1. Everyone is the pope’s servant2. In response, Phillip arrests the pope (who dies in prison)C. Court of cardinals elects a new pope to benefit the French monarchy1. New pope moves the papacy to Avignon2. This is known as the Avignon Papacy or the Babylonian CaptivityD. 1378, court of cardinals elect two new popes (Great Schism)1. One pope stays in Avignon, the other returns to RomeE. The Great Schism causes a crisis of legitimacy within the church1. Church is weakened2. Paves the way for reformersa. Problems with simony (sale of church offices)b. Problems with pluralism (one person holding multiple church offices at one time)c. Problems with the sale of indulgences (lessens time of dead in
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