HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 29 Outline of Last Lecture I What made it Great II Allies vs central powers III The western front IV Other fronts V The nature of the war stalemate attrition and vast carnage VI The end November 1918 VII Some consequences Outline of Current Lecture I War s End Turbulence and Upheaval A War ended abruptly 1 Surprise to everyone especially Germans B End of war did not bring a period of peace and stability 1 First meeting of the Communist International an organization of international communist parties in Moscow i Wanted to overthrow governments and establish communist government 2 Communist Revolution in Berlin and other attempts in 12 other major cities in Germany i Bavaria seized and declared freedom ii Hungary 3 Benito Mussolini appears founder of Italian fascism and has his first major breakthrough in politics 4 Poland Ukraine Turkey Greece gripped by violent upheaval with revolutions counterrevolutions and civil wars C First appearance of H1N1 Spanish flu 1 Kills between 3 5 of the population of the world 20 100 million D Amritsar Massacre 1 Area of India and Pakistan 2 Beginnings of independence movement Gandhi later comes out and becomes leader of this party 3 Peaceful demonstration listening to political speeches of aspirations 4 British military comes in and shoots into the unarmed crowd i People are furious II The Paris Peace Conference These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute A B C D E F 1 G H III IV Everyone sends representatives to Paris Conference going to determine the future for Europe but also much of the world Preparations done on the fly because of suddenness of collapse of German army Plenary Conference all states had representatives Council of five foreign ministers from Britain France Italy US Japan Germany was in a bad place Because of being blockaded for some of the war dealt with famine and disease Redrawing Europe Big four dominant figures of the conference make major decisions 1 Lloyd George Prime minister of Britain i Hang the Kaiser German public ii Realized that if Germany was harshly punished it would have an effect on European economics 2 Orlando Prime minister of Italy i Wanted territorial concessions promised this in exchange for entering war 3 George Clemenceau France host i Wanted Germany punished harshly ii Carthaginian peace burnt city down and sowed the fields with salt iii Wanted to make sure Germany would never threaten France again 4 Woodrow Wilson US i Fourteen points establishment of a League of Nations international body to resolve conflicts before war happens collective security come to the aid of fraternal country to aid against aggression liberal political order and capitalist economies for Europe national selfdetermination for Europe nations have the right to selfdetermination to determine their own countries A New Map Successor States A Successor states because they succeed the collapsed empires B Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania Poland Czechoslovakia Austria Hungary Yugoslavia i Some are Republics some are Monarchies but even the monarchies have Constitutions ii Celebration of the liberation of these nations Treaties A St Germain 1 Imposed upon Austria 2 Reduced to state of 6 million German speakers 3 Had to accept a reduced army 4 Reparations had to accept responsibilities of damages 5 Denied the option of self determination not allowed to join with Germany B Trianon V VI 1 Hungary 2 Large Hungarian communities outside of Hungary 3 Reparations 4 Still a source of grievance C Versailles 1 Germans 2 Kaiser overthrown and Democratic government assembled to deal with allies 3 Harshly punitive treaty 4 Territorial Lost 13 of population and 10 of territory took Germany s colonies Rhineland demilitarized 5 Military Reduced to 100 000 from 8 million give up all offensive weapons air force tanks navy 6 Article 231 War Guilt Cause had to accept sole responsibility for the war 33 billion dollars League of Nations A Set up to prevent future wars 1 If one member was threatened the other members would take care of it B No one in Germany agreed with the treaty but they signed it anyway C Everyone agreed to isolate the Soviet Union A Fragile Continent A Grievances over map making 1 Irredentism when one state has claims on territories of their neighbors 2 The minority problem the way the maps are divided there are millions of ethnicities not a part of their original countries Ex Slovaks Jews and Germans in Poland B Successor states are primarily agricultural