HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. The starting place: late medieval crisis II. Defining Absolutism A. Dynasticism B. Sovereignty and royal law C. Divine authority: Religion and role of church D. Business of war: a military revolutionOutline of Current Lecture III. Business of war: a military revolution A. 34 wars in the late 16th century, 29 in the 17th centuryB. Invention of permanent standing armies (Sweden and Dutch are first)1. Tax increases to pay for the wars (300% increase in taxes from 1520-1670 in Spain and France)2. As a result of tax increase, size of the government increases (400% increase ingovernment officials in the 17th century)3. Infantry, cavalry, and cannons on wheels developedIV. Change and continuity: aristocracy and absolutismA. Aristocracy now has to serve the state (king)1. Surrender of political power2. Change meant a different role for aristocratsB. Peasants are major source of wealth (taxes)1. Taxes to the church (tithe)i. Some money goes to the local parishes, but mostly goes to princes, bishops, archbishops, pope2. Taxes to their local lords3. Taxes to the kingi. Spent on: court life, pension, sinecure (money given to people just because the king likes them)ii. War4. Aristocrats continue living extravagant livesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.The Rise and fall of Habsburg SpainI. Early History: Aragon and CastileA. Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella unites Spain, but each area they rule keeps itsown system and freedomB. Speak different languages (dialects) in different regions of SpainC. Unified under the Roman Catholic churchII. ReconquestA. 1492, last Muslim stronghold fallsB. Spanish Inquisition established by monarchy (1478)1. Spanish Jews expelled (Sephardic, not Ashkenazim)C. Ottoman Empire (Muslims)1. Rome falls to OttomansIII. Reign of Charles V (I)-1516-1556: The Golden Age A. Charles is most powerful person in EuropeB. He’s a Habsburg1. Has a ton of land holdings and becomes Holy Roman Emperor in 15192. Knows French, German, Italian, and SpanishC. Improves government everywhere he’s the head of governmentD. None ever become one power, all separate statesE. Champion of counter reformationF. Fights Ottomans trying to regain Hungary and Mediterranean1. Fought four years with FranceG. Treaty of Augsburg1. When Charles abdicates the throne, he splits the Holy Roman Empire among his heirsi. Spanish and Austrian Habsburgsii. Retires to a
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