HIS 102 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I The starting place late medieval crisis II Defining Absolutism A Dynasticism B Sovereignty and royal law C Divine authority Religion and role of church D Business of war a military revolution Outline of Current Lecture III Business of war a military revolution A 34 wars in the late 16th century 29 in the 17th century B Invention of permanent standing armies Sweden and Dutch are first 1 Tax increases to pay for the wars 300 increase in taxes from 1520 1670 in Spain and France 2 As a result of tax increase size of the government increases 400 increase in government officials in the 17th century 3 Infantry cavalry and cannons on wheels developed IV Change and continuity aristocracy and absolutism A Aristocracy now has to serve the state king 1 Surrender of political power 2 Change meant a different role for aristocrats B Peasants are major source of wealth taxes 1 Taxes to the church tithe i Some money goes to the local parishes but mostly goes to princes bishops archbishops pope 2 Taxes to their local lords 3 Taxes to the king i Spent on court life pension sinecure money given to people just because the king likes them ii War 4 Aristocrats continue living extravagant lives These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute The Rise and fall of Habsburg Spain I II III Early History Aragon and Castile A Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella unites Spain but each area they rule keeps its own system and freedom B Speak different languages dialects in different regions of Spain C Unified under the Roman Catholic church Reconquest A 1492 last Muslim stronghold falls B Spanish Inquisition established by monarchy 1478 1 Spanish Jews expelled Sephardic not Ashkenazim C Ottoman Empire Muslims 1 Rome falls to Ottomans Reign of Charles V I 1516 1556 The Golden Age A Charles is most powerful person in Europe B He s a Habsburg 1 Has a ton of land holdings and becomes Holy Roman Emperor in 1519 2 Knows French German Italian and Spanish C Improves government everywhere he s the head of government D None ever become one power all separate states E Champion of counter reformation F Fights Ottomans trying to regain Hungary and Mediterranean 1 Fought four years with France G Treaty of Augsburg 1 When Charles abdicates the throne he splits the Holy Roman Empire among his heirs i Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs ii Retires to a monastery
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