Psyc 100 1st Edition Lecture 29Outline of Last Lecture I. Therapy Outline of Current Lecture I. Therapy Cont.II. Social PsychologyCurrent LectureTherapyTherapeutic alliance – The relationship between the client and the therapist#1 predictor of successful therapySpecific Problems: Cognitive – behavioral → Eating disorders, OCD, depression Behavioral → Phobias, anxiety disorders, conduct problems Psychodynamic → depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and interpersonal difficulties Interpersonal → depression, anxiety, addictions, eating disorders For best outcome… Eclectic (integrative) Approach:o Combining the best aspects of different therapiesSOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY – Social InfluenceCONFORMITYDef: a change in behavior due to real or imagined influence of other people Giving into perceived group pressure Acting in a certain way because of others Acting differently than if you were alongEX: Teens dressing alikeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Laughing at a bad joke Doing the “wave” at a football gameClassic study in conformityASCH STUDY – conformity in an unambiguous situationMethod1. Groups of subjects participate in a perceptual judgment task- Only one person was a real subject, the rest were confederates2. View a target line and 3 comparison lines3. Each person says which comparison line matches the target lineNotes:- First few trials -confederates say correct line- Then, all the confederates say the same, incorrect lineResults1. If tested alone – 99% accuracy2. When tested with the group of confederates – 76% of subjects conformed at least once37% of responses were conformingWHY CONFORMITY?Informational influenceDef: the influence of other people that leads us to conform because we see them as a source of correct information and use it to guide our behavior We conform because we may not know what is the right behavior to commit so we look to others Information from others → conformity EX: Julia Roberts in Pretty WomanNormative Social InfluenceDef: the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them Desire for acceptanceEX: When I smoked a cigarEX: Asch studyWHEN CONFORMITY?What factors lead to conformity:1. Group size Increases from 1 to 5 Over 5 people – not much increase2. Group unanimity When everyone agrees But… when there is one dissenter3. Group cohesion Is the group attached and does it have strong bonds?4. Group/individual status Person conforming’s status – high vs. low Group’s status – high vs. low5. Prior commitment Backing down?6. Private vs. public conformity Much less likely to conform if answer is privateSocial Influence - OBEDIENCE Def: instance in which someone in a position of authority simply tells another person to do something and they DO ITThe most famous social psychology study…Stanley Milgram - Obedience to Authority studies Would people obey commands from a relatively powerless stranger who told them to inflict considerable pain on another person? Interest came from observing the tragic events from WWIIOBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY – MILGRAM STUDYMethod:Experimenter told Subjects that they were taking part in a study on learning and punishmentPair of subjects:Learner (really a confederate)Teacher (the real subject)The teacher would read a list of words to the learner and the learner would have to respond with the correct word from memoryThe Teacher had to punish the Learner for every mistake he made on the learning testErrors were punished by delivering increasing levels of shock to the learner (15 450 volts)When necessary, the experimenter would “prod” the teacher (subject) to continue with the shocks“Please continue or Please go on.”“The experiment requires that you continue”“It is absolutely essential that you continue”“You have no other choice; you must go
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