PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERSThe Middle AgesPSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERSDescriptions are lacking/changingMOOD DISORDERSWomen – 3 times more likely to try (pills)Men – 2 times more successful suicides (guns)What is a Manic Episode?Up side to maniaDown side to maniaMOOD DISORDERSCauses of mood disorders…Bipolar Disorders1. Biological BasisPsyc 100 1st Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture I. Trait perspective II. Personality TestingOutline of Current Lecture I. Psychological Disordersa. Mood Disordersb. Why do we get Mood Disorders?Current LecturePSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERSHistorical overview of views on mental illness:The Middle Ages Not thought of as an illness but rather…o Seen as witcheso Seen as prophets1700-1900s Europe Recognized Mental illness as a problem Placed in hospitalso Nothing like current facilitieso Chains, tours1790’s France Treatment more civilized Fresh air1800-1900’s USA Fresh air concept lives on… Encouraged Rest/relaxationo Spa – like facilitiesCurrent world-view:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Research Diagnostic Criteria to classify disordersPSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERSClassification of Disorders:DSM IV-TR – Handbook w/ basic organization of disorders2 major clusters of disorders:1. AXIS I – Syndromes, usually come and go (not all) Mood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Psychotic Disorders Dissociative Disorders Eating Disorders2. AXIS 11 – Pervasive, once you get it, it’s yours to keep Personality DisordersDiagnosis of Disorders: Descriptions of symptoms and behaviors Must have certain number of these symptoms = diagnosis (checklist of criteria)Problems: Descriptions are lacking/changing Patients aren’t sure of many symptomsMOOD DISORDERS1. Major Depression Must have many symptoms for at least 2 weeks Must affect your ability to conduct your lifeSymptoms: Depressed mood Suicidal thoughts Tearfulness Change in appetite: (more OR less) Change in weight: (more OR less) Lack of interest in normal activities Change in sleep pattern (more OR less) Low energy levelOther Points: This combination of symptoms is very unpleasant –o Purposeless, underwater, jet lagged- Suicideo Women – 3 times more likely to try (pills)o Men – 2 times more successful suicides (guns)2. Dysthymia Mildest form of depression Still able to conduct life Diagnosis: Must have mild symptoms for at least 2 years3. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Experience depression only during times of decreased light o Wintertime in NEo Prevalent in Alaska – long winter, little lighto Prevalent in Seattle – lots of cloudy daysTreatment Sit in front of UV lights for several hrs/days Melatonin – sleep hormone4. Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive)Combines: Depressive episodes → Manic episodes (and repeat)What is a Manic Episode?Symptoms: Racing thoughts Feelings of omnipotence Pressured speech Needs significantly less sleep Lack inhibitions High Energy – Can NOT sit still Promiscuity Spending sprees, gamblingUp side to mania Can get lots of work done; very creative timeDown side to mania Hard to manage; can lead to trouble with the lawMOOD DISORDERSCauses of mood disorders…Depressive disorders:1. Biological Basis Braino Lack of serotonino Treat with SSRI’s (Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil) Genetic componento If a relative has it, it increases your odds2. Environmental triggers Stress as work, loss of loved on, fail a course can trigger a depressive episodeBipolar Disorders1. Biological Basis- Genetic component (large)o Very heritable- Braino Responds well to medication (but we don’t know why) – Lithium, depacote,
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