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UMass Amherst PSYCH 100 - Memory

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Psyc 100 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. Memory a. Sensory Memoryb. Short Term MemoryOutline of Current Lecture I. Memorya. Short Term Memoryb. Encodingc. Long Term MemoryCurrent LectureShort Term MemoryHow long does stuff stay in short term memory? Brown Peterson task How long will something stay in your mind if I don’t give you time to remember it? If it doesn’t get converted to long term memory it lasts 18 to 20s without rehearsalHow Do Short Term Memory and Long Term Memory differSHORT TERM MEM LONG TERM MEMSmall in size Large in size7 +/- 2 chunks InfiniteEasy to enter: Hard to enterAttend to item Must be attendedlast few attended to and rehearsed/items are in STM elaborated for some timeLots of entry paths: One entry path:-Lasts 7 encountered items From STM only, hard to find from sensory memory info-Information from LTM-Recycled STM info from STMThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Easy to find info. there Hard to find info. ThereEncodingWe use control processes:1. Rehearsal – conscious repetition (effortful processing) Rote rehearsalo Associating traits with a person to remember their name Elaborative rehearsal2. CodingLevels of Processing1. We can analyze information in MANY different ways.Shallow Processing → Deep processing Examples:More shallow- Visual encoding – In all capital letter?- Acoustic encoding – Rhymes with?- Semantic encoding – Fit in sentence (meaning)?More Deep2. The Deeper information is processed, the better your memory for that information will be.Ex:Elaborative rehearsal leads to better memory than rote rehearsal- Encoding helps us to organize and better remember information.ENCODING – IMAGERY- Information that can be imaged will be better remembered than information that can’t be imaged.Why?Dog vs. truthTable vs. loveJLo vs. JusticeDual coding theory1. Verbally2. VisuallyInformation that can be coded twice is more likely to be converted to LTMLONG TERM MEMORY: What is in it?DECLARATIVE: Semantic vs. Episodic Memory Episodic Memory Memories that contain specific past experiences or episodes Linked to specific places and times What did you eat for dinner last night? What did I lecture about last Monday? Semantic Memory General knowledge Not related to a specific instance but rather a composite of several experienced Acquired over time What do we eat for dinner? What does psychology mean?LONG TERM MEMORY: What’s in it?Explicit memory vs. Implicit memoryExplicit memory:  Memory for information that you can consciously recall and declare Explicit memory contains your episodic and semantic memorieso Ex: Learn a list of words → Recall that lists of wordsTesting Explicit memory:1) Recall: The ability to retrieve information not currently in awareness Ex: Who was your 4th grade teacher?2) Recognition: The ability to identify information previously learned Ex: Pick the picture of your 4th grade teacherImplicit memory:  KJ the amnesic – No signs of explicit memory KJ completed maze with Dr. Smith one day and next day completed the maze more quickly KJ shakes Dr. Jones’ hand and gets pricked by a needle and next day doesn’t shake Dr. Jones’ hand. KJ showed implicit memoryWhat is implicit memory? A person’s behavior or judgment is influenced by past experience but is unaware of it. Thought to be “unconscious”, “indirect” memoryTesting Implicit memory:1) Priming – The influence a stimulus has on some measure of subsequent performance. See “election” on list Recall the word – explicit Complete stem with 1st word that come to mind


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UMass Amherst PSYCH 100 - Memory

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