Psyc 100 1st Edition Lecture 17Outline of Last Lecture I. Forgettinga. Decayb. Interferencec. False memoriesOutline of Current Lecture I. What is intelligence?II. Can intelligence be measure? How?Current LectureWHAT IS INTELLIGENCE? Intelligence is an important, human characteristic Intelligence, by itself, is no guarantee for success, accomplishment, or happiness We think people are intelligent byo Problem solving skills: Analytical, logical, able to solve problemso Verbal skills: Articulate, reads a lot, good at crosswordso Social competence: Outgoing, friendly or socially awkwardFormal Definition: An individual’s ability to:o Understand complex ideasThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o To adapt effectively to the environmento To learn from experienceo To engage in various forms of reasoningo To overcome obstacles by careful thoughtPractical Definition Intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measureso Usually school smartsIs Intelligence a single characteristic or several components?Single characteristic view: Spearman’s studiesG Factor (general factor): A primary intelligence factor that underlies all specific mental abilitiesPoints: Found people who score high on one subtest of intelligence typically score high on all subtests. Performance on all these tasks (math, verbal) depends on this primary factorIs Intelligence a single characteristic or several components?Several components:1. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence People do not have one general intelligence, but rather multiple intelligencesPoints: Each is independent of the others We need to assess/understand all types of intelligence to get the big pictureEx: The savant syndrome – Someone who is extremely good at one particular task but not good at anything else Olympic athletes – Trained their bodies to do amazing things (bodily intelligence)Types of intelligence (what career?)Linguistic Spatial-Poet -ArchitectLogic/Math Interpersonal-Scientist -PoliticianMusical Intrapersonal-Singer -TherapistBodily Naturalist-Athlete -FarmerSeveral Components:2. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of IntelligenceIntelligence falls into 3 classes:a) Analytical intelligence Ability to think critically, analyticallyEx: Good students, professors, scientistsb) Creative intelligence Insight, ability to form new ideasEx: Inventors, musiciansc) Practical intelligence Street smarts, solving everyday life problemsEx: Business owners, con artists Several components:3. Emotional intelligence (vs. Academic Intelligence)Def: A cluster of traits relating to the emotional side of life. Our abilities to perceive, understand and express emotions.Four components: Must know one’s own emotions and how to manage them Must recognize emotions in others and respond Must be able to handle relationships well Must be able to motivate oneself, optimisticallyMEASURING INTELLIGENCEHistory:IQ (Intelligence quotient)Alfred Binet: first person to measure intelligenceChronological age – Actual ageMental age – Average level of performance on an intelligence test for someone of a particular ageIQ = Mental ageX 100Chronological ageAverage score = 100EX: 9 year old performing as a 9 year old: 9/9 x 100 = 100 11 year old performing as a 9 year old: 9/11 x 100 = 81 7 year old performing as a 9 year old: 9/7 x 100 = 128Problems:1. 40 year old performing as a 20 year old a. 20/40 x 100 = 50 IQ2. Tests were mostly
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