OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY –MILGRAM STUDYDef: people interacting with each other, and are interdependent (same goals, rely on each other)Psych 100 1st Edition Lecture 30Outline of Last Lecture I. Therapy Cont.II. Social Psychology Outline of Current Lecture I. Social Psychology Current LectureOBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY –MILGRAM STUDYResults: 65% of the subjects in this study shocked the “learner” all the way up to 450 voltsWhy do people obey when it is destructive?Factors that increase destructive obedience:1. Emotional Distance of the victim2. Real distance of the authority figure3. Transfer of responsibility4. Legitimacy of Authority figure/institution5. Pace of the commands6. Small increments in obedience greater destructionGROUPSTwo types of people-gatherings:Social collective:Def: people in the same place, at the same time, NOT really interacting BUT can influence each otherEX: People waiting in line for a bus; fans at a football gameSocial Group:Def: people interacting with each other, and are interdependent (same goals, rely on each other)EX: Athletic teams, Survivor tribesTwo parts:If the task is simple and well-learned then:Presence of others Performance improvementThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.EX: Cycling studyIf the task is difficult, then:Presence of others performance declinesEX: Difficult cognitive tasks (maze learning)Why can the presence of others lead to 2 different outcomes???Arousal – Dominant ResponseMere presence of others is arousingArousal improves performance on easy tasks and hinders performance on hard tasks – why?Arousal – makes the “dominant response” more likelyDominant response:Easy tasks: Success, correctness, speedHard tasks: Failure, errors, slow downsSocial Facilitation Def: The strengthening of the dominant response in the presence of others.EX: You decide to stop at a local pool hall and shoot a few racks. Will you perform better or worse if people are watching you ?Who is good at pool ? – play with others watchingWho is bad at pool ? – play aloneSOCIAL LOAFINGDef: the tendency to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone Your individual performance is not evaluated Rather, the group performance is evaluated EX: Tug of war1. When social loafing?Easy task more loafingEx: Clapping, shouting, picking up trash on the highwayHard, challenging, appealing task less loafingEx: Team sport, group of friends, difficult problems2. Why social loafing?- Diffusion of responsibilityDEINDIVIDUATION1. In Europe, mobs of soccer fans sometimes attack and bludgeon each other2. In the USA, hysterical fans at rock concerts have trampled each other to death3. In Oklahoma, students at OU chanted “Jump, jump, jump” to a student standing atop a high towerDef: When people are in a group, they tend to loosen normal constraints on behavior, leading to an increase in impulsive, and sometimes deviant acts.Why Deindividuation?1. Size of the group2. Anonymity3.
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