PSYCH 101 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I Cognitive Development Jean Piaget A Assimilation and Accommodation B The course of Developmental Stages 1 Assimilation and Accommodation 2 The Course of Developmental Stages II Sensory Motor Stage Object Permanence III Preoperational Stage Conservation Egocentrism Developing Theory of Mind IV Concrete Operational Stage V Formal Operational Stage VI Lev Vygotsky Alternative to Piaget VII Social Development Attachment A Origins of Attachment B Origins of Attachment Familiarity VIII Attachment Variation Styles of dealing with Separation 1 Secure Attachment 2 Insecure Attachment anxious style 3 Insecure Attachment avoidant style A What causes the different attachment styles Nature or Nurture B Deprivation of Attachment IX Childhood Self Concept X Childhood Hypothetical Parenting Styles 1 Authoritarian 2 Permissive 3 Authoritative A Outcomes with Parenting Styles Outline of Current Lecture I Physical Development II Adolescent Brain Development III Cognitive Development A Building Toward Moral Reasoning These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute IV B Lawrence Kohlberg s Levels of Moral Reasoning C Moral Intuition Social Development A Influences on identity Peer and Parent Relationships B Emerging adulthood Current Lecture I II III Physical Development Lifespan perspective refers to the idea that development is a lifelong process The next phase is adolescence the transition period from childhood to adulthood Puberty is the time of sexual maturation becoming physically able to reproduce During puberty increased sex hormones lead to Primary and secondary sex characteristics Some mood and behavior changes Height changes are an early sign of puberty Adolescent Brain Development During puberty the brain stops automatically adding new connections and becomes more efficient by rewiring Pruning away the connections not being used Coating the well used connections in myelin in order to speed up nerve conduction This makes early adolescence a crucial time to learn as much as you can Frontal lobes are the last to rewire the emotional limbic system gets wired for puberty before the frontal judgment centers of the brain get wired for adulthood As a result adolescents may understand risks and consequences but give more weight to potential thrills and rewards Cognitive Development According to Piaget adolescents are in the formal operational stage they use this reasoning to Think about how reality compares to ideal Think hypothetically about different choices and their consequences Plan how to pursue goals Think about the minds of others including What do they think of me A Building Toward Moral Reasoning Adolescents see justice and fairness in terms of merit and equity instead of in terms of everyone getting equal treatment They may strive to advocate for ideals and political causes IV They may think about god meaning and purpose in deeper terms than in childhood B Lawrence Kohlberg s Levels of Moral Reasoning 1 Preconventional Morality up to age 9 Follow the rules because if you don t you ll get in trouble if you do you might get a reward 2 Conventional Morality early adolescence Follow the rules because we get along better if everyone does the right thing 3 Postconventional Morality Later adolescence and adulthood Sometimes rules need to be set aside to pursue higher principles C Moral Intuition Haidt said that moral decisions are often driven by moral intuition that is quick gut feeling decisions This intuition isn t based just in moral reasoning but also in emotions such as disgust and elevated feelings Social Development Erickson s model of lifelong psychological development see s adolescence as a struggle to form an identity a sense of self out of the social roles adolescents are asked to play For Erickson the challenge in adolescence was to test and integrate roles in order to prevent role confusion which of those selves or what combination is really me Some teens solve this problem simply by adopting one role by parents or peers A Influences on identity Peer and Parent Relationships During adolescence peer relationships take center stage Adolescents often still see their parents as the primary influence in many areas including career religion and politics B Emerging Adulthood In some countries added years of education and later marriage has delayed full adult independence beyond traditional adolescence This seems to have created a new phase which can be called emerging adulthood ages 18 25 i e they have more freedom but maybe they live at home while they go to school