PSYCH 101 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I Monitoring Activity in the Brain A EEG electroencephalogram B PET positron emission tomography C MRI magnetic resonance imaging D fMRI functional MRI II Areas of the Brain and their functions A The brainstem Medulla Pons Thalamus Reticular Formation Cerebellum B Limbic System Hippocampus Amygdala Hypothalamus III What the Cerebral Cortex lobes consist of A Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal IV The Motor and Sensory Strips A Sensory functions of the cortex V Plasticity The Brain is flexible VI Our two hemispheres A Left Hemisphere B Right Hemisphere C Split Brain Studies Corpus Callosum D Split Visual Field Outline of Current Lecture I II Conception Zygote Embryo Fetus Fetal Stage A Dangers These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute B Fetal Alcohol Syndrome III Competent Newborn s Inborn Skills Rooting reflex Sucking reflex Crying when hungry IV Maturation and Experience V Brain Development Building Connecting Neurons In the womb Beginning at birth In infancy In early childhood VI Motor Development VII Baby Memory Infantile amnesia Current Lecture I II III Conception Zygote fertilized cell first 10 14 days Embryo after implantation 2 8 weeks Fetus hands and face develop fetus may be able to survive on its own outside the womb 9 weeks Fetal Stage Responding to sounds Recognize and adapt to sounds they previously heard in the womb Can habituate to annoying sounds and become less agitated with repeated exposure A Teratogens are substances such as viruses or chemicals that can damage the developing embryo fetus B Fetal Alcohol Syndrome refers to cognitive behavioral and body brain structure abnormalities by exposure to alcohol in the fetal stage Competent Newborn s Inborn Skills IV V VI VII These sets of inborn skills are reflexes reflexes are responses that are inborn and do not have to be learned Newborns have reflexes to ensure they will be fed Rooting Reflex When something touches a newborn s cheek the infant turns toward that side with an open mouth Sucking Reflex can be triggered by a fingertip Crying when hungry is that newborn talent of using just the right sounds to motivate parents to end the noise and feed the baby Maturation and Experience Maturation biologically driven growth and development enabling orderly predictable sequential changes in behavior a baby sitting up then crawling then walking Experience nurture can adjust the timing but maturation nature sets the sequence Brain Development Building Connecting Neurons In the womb the number of neurons grows about 750 000 new cells per minute in the middles trimester Beginning at birth the connections among neurons proliferate As we learn we form more branches and neural networks In infancy growth in neural connections takes place initially in less complex parts of the brain This enables the body s functions and basic survival skills In early childhood neural connections proliferate in the association areas This enables advancements in controlling attention behavior frontal lobe and also in thinking memory and language Motor Development Maturation takes place in the body and cerebellum enabling the crawling to walking sequence Physical training generally can t change timing Baby Memory Infantile amnesia the inability of adults to retrieve episodic memories before the age of 2 4 years as well as the period before age 10 of which adults retain fewer memories than might otherwise be expected given the passage of time