DYNAMODynamic Architectural Memory On-lineVocabularyCase-base Design (CBD)Case-based Reasoning (CBR)CBRIn case-based reasoning (CBR) systems expertise is embodied in a library of past cases, rather than being encoded in classical rules. Each case typically contains a description of the problem, plus a solution and/or the outcome. The knowledge and reasoning process used by an expert to solve the problem is not recorded, but is implicit in the solution (AIAI).More on CBRCased-based reasoning would aid in solving a new problem by using or adapting solutions or “cases” that were used to solve old problems.Uses Artificial Intelligence to collect and store information about past experiences. Modeled after the brains cognitive process of storing and retrieving information.CBR and knowledge Can be abstract, generally applicable principlesCan be concrete specific experiences (cases) (Riesbeck & Schank, 1989)Memory is constantly changing with each new experience (case)Architectural ExperienceHaving designed yourselfPhysically experiencing designs of othersSecond hand acquisition of knowledge thru pictures, drawings and texts about existing designs and objectsCBDTool inspired by CBRA tool that uses the principles of CBR in its designDYNAMO is a CBD that uses CBR principlesWhat is DYNAMOComputer aid for architectures similar to a database but interactive and always growingPlatform where different forms of interaction can take place and results are stored similar to our brains process of storage and retrievalInteractive workhouse, not a passive warehouseDYNAMO – Goals Not just a memory-centered model of cognition which students mindlessly access and use.Nurtures the cognitive processes in the human designer’s mind as it is being usedProvides a platform for interaction and knowledge exchange between designers and designsAppropriate for designers at all levelsDYNAMO – why it worksBased on the importance of concrete cases in architectural educationBased on CBR theories that memory changesFree from human storage of information and retrieval errorUses a growing interactive database for nurturing a lifelong process of learning from existing design casesConcrete projects in Design of objectsConcrete cases rather then generalizations are relied upon heavily in the education of future architectsConcrete projects in Design of objectsThe particulars in a project give subjects the big picture view of the design. This would be lost if issues were taken up separatelyDYNAMO and MemoryKnowledge and insights are developed and renewed through interactionDYNAMO supports 4 types of interactionInteraction between designsInteraction between human designer and computerInteraction between student designersInteraction between practice and educationBetween DesignsDynamo has a core web of indices that allows retrieving and browsing between design cases (two objects). Projects are labeled with several features and linked to other projects with common characteristicsDesigner and computerSubjects not only use the web of indices to navigate thru cases in memory, but can change and improve memory by adding new projects and re-indexing as relationships between cases change.Subject to studentServes as a collective external memory for the students and design teachers (Wegner, 1987)Gives subjects access to the design knowledge of experts outside the studioHas the potential to increase frequency and quality of subjects’ dialogue.Practice and EducationArchitects working in practice can draw fresh insight from student’s work.Additions from outside practices keep students up-to-date on new problems and processesDYNAMO can build a bridge between education and practiceConclusionDYNAMO does not perform any case-based reasoning, but does promote cognitive activity in subjects by actively developing student’s design knowledge.DYNAMO stimulates students to learn from previous projectsDYNAMO assures knowledge is gained in the same way it will be usedConclusionDYNAMO promotes the kind of thinking that helps to learn in a better way from existing designsDYNAMO provides a framework for organizing knowledge much in the way the brain tries to organize information –by linking common characteristicsImplications for IDDYNAMO’s modeling of the human brain’s cognitive processes can be implemented in learning environments other than architectural design.DYNAMO and its affects on human processes of organizing information can be researched by Instructional DevelopersReferencesAIAI. [On-line]. Case-Based Reasoning [Electronic data file] (1984). University of Edinburgh. Available: http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/links/cbr.html#introReferencesHeylighlen, A. & Neuckermans, H. (2000). DYNAMO: A Dynamic Architectural Memory On-line. Educational Technology & Society [On-line]. Available: http://ifets.ieee.org/periodical/ReferencesReisbeck, C.K. & Schank, R.C. (1989) Inside Case-Based Reasoning, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Wegner, D.M. (1987). Transactive Memory: A Contemporary Analysis of the Group Mind. In B. Mullen and G.R. Goethals (Eds.) Theories of Group Behavior, London: Springer Verlag,
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