Strategy Scenario Strategy Frame Type Two Content Genetics Title Genetics Made Easy Time Required approximately two hours Target Audience advanced high school biology students average to above average undergraduate biology students Goal of Activity Students will be able to determine probability ratios of the genotypes and the phenotypes among the offspring of a cross involving one and two traits Purpose of Script to use a type two frame for students to compute the probability of recessive and dominant genes Learning Outcome s Gagne s Taxonomy intellectual skills higher order rules problem solving Learning Outcome s HEO Taxonomy Bloom s taxonomy comprehension analysis and synthesis of genetic probability Learner Characteristics no special characteristics other than enrolled in biology class they high school students should be above average college students average to above average Entry Skills Students must have a working knowledge of algebra and previously studied cell theory Mendel s experiments Setting classroom or computer lab Media either live instruction with a chalkboard or a well developed CBT that reviews cell theory the laws of probability genotypes and phenotypes incomplete dominance and Punnett s square Process 1 Instructor begins with an advanced organizer bridging cell theory with the new unit s topic genetics 2 Instructor presents the law of probability by flipping a coin 3 Instructor gives the student the product rule of probability works serveral examples on the chalkboard asks students to complete several examples on scratch paper then provides immediate feedback 4 Instructor then relates genetics and breeding to the laws of probability 5 Instructor provides the following formula for probability distribution 1 2R 1 2r for both parents and probable combinations 1 2R 1 2r X1 2R 1 2r 1 4RR 1 4 Rr 1 4 Rr 1 4rr Genotypes 1 4RR 1 2Rr 1 4rr Phenotypes 3 4 round 1 4 wrinkled 6 Instructor reviews each step with students and gives sample problem for two traits using Punnett s square 7 Instructor works sample on board or CBT provides sample 8 After review instructor passes out blanks frame with only the traits and asks students to work on the frames independently for ten minutes at their seats 9 After ten minutes the instructor allows students to get into groups of three and compare their answers 10 After five or ten minutes the instructor has several volunteer students work their answers on the boards 11 A question and answer sessions follows TtRr TR Tr TtRR TtRr TR TTRr TTRr TtRR TtRr Tr TTRr Ttrr TtRr Ttrr tR Tt RR TtRr ttRR ttRr tr TtRr Ttrr ttRr ttrr Strategy Assessment Students will be observed using the frame two cognitive strategy when they encounter a genetics problem Author Barry R Nowlin References Oram R F 1976 Living Systems Biology 2nd ed Columbus Ohio Charles E Merrill Publishing Company
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