Guided Reading Chapter 4 1 Microscopes exposed cells and their infrastructure to biologists Differentiate between the light microscope and the electron microscope 2 What type of microscope would you use to study the fine details on the surface of a skin cell The structure of organelles in the single celled organism yeast 3 What part of the cell provides forms a barrier between cells and their environment a Describe the structure of this constituent Does your answer cite two of the four major classes of molecules in the cell b How do molecules move through this barrier 4 Prokayotic cells differ from those of eukaryotes How do the organelles such as the nucleus and ribosome s differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes 5 What is a cell wall Do eukaryotic cells have cell walls 6 It is very important that antibiotics specifically target bacterial cells List a few different targets of antibiotics in prokaryotic cells 7 Define an organelle 8 Study the pictures on pages 56 and 57 and highlight at least 3 differences between the animal and the plant cell 9 What is the nucleus and why is it important for the function of all of the other organelles of the cell 10 What is the function of ribosomes a Some ribosomes are free in the cytoplasm Which proteins are synthesized by free ribosomes b Some ribosomes are bound to organelles Which proteins are synthesized by bound ribosomes 11 Define the following a Endomembrane system b Vesicles c Endoplasmic reticulum ER d Smooth endoplasmic reticulum smooth ER e Rough endoplasmic reticulum rough ER 12 What happens in the smooth ER Give an example of a cell that contains large amounts of smooth ER and explain why this makes sense 13 What happens in the rough ER Give an example of a cell that contains large amounts of rough ER and explain why this makes sense 14 Once a transport vesicle has been packaged with cargo a protein it leaves the ER for the golgi apparatus Why 15 Lysosomes are very important organelles in the cell Predict what might happen if a cell did not contain any lysosomes Justify your answer 16 Define the following a Vacuole b Peroxisome c Mitochondria d Mitochondial matrix e Cristae f Chloroplasts g Stroma h Thylakoids i Granum j Microfilaments k Intermediate filaments l Microtubules 17 Compare and contrast the mitochondria and chloroplast 18 Do vesicles float freely to their destinations within cells How do they get from one side of the cell to the other 19 What are cilia Do your cells have cilia If so where and why 20 What are flagella Do your cells have flagella If so where and why 21 In many ways the extracellular matrix ECM of animals cells is similar to the cell wall of plant cells List a few of the main components of the ECM
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