Evolution of Plant Diversity Class Discussion I The first eukaryotes were unicellular a Primary endosymbiosis gave rise to the algal ancestors of plants Heterotrophic Eukaryote Cyanobacterium Engulfed by a eukaryote Involved into a Chloroplast Unicellular Green Red Algae Autotrophic Eukaryote i The evolution of a Cyanobacterium into a Chloroplast in a eukaryotic cell lead to the first autotrophic photosynthesizing eukaryote 1 Heterotroph obtain energy by consuming other plants and or animals Example furry friend relying on plants to get energy Humans consume plants and animals to obtain energy 2 Autotroph self feeders make their own food and sustain themselves without obtaining organic molecules from other organisms Example Algae plants bacteria cyanobacterium II III IV V Photosynthesis A brief review a Plants convert CO2 and H2O to Glucose and O2 CO2 H2O glucose O2 Reduced oxidized WHERE DOES THE MASS OF A TREE COME FROM The mass of a tree comes from Carbon air due to photosynthesis Tightly compacted carbon molecules The abundance of sunlight and atmospheric CO2 provided a ripe environment for the earliest plants as adapted to land a Label the plants in the diagram AlgaeMoss Brophytes FernTree Genosperm Flower Angiosperm b The four key adaptations for life on land 1 Supporting the plant body mechanical strength by lignin in the cell wall allow plants to grow to very impressive heights 2 3 Maintain moisture waxy cuticle prevented water loss Obtain resources from two different locations vascular tissue of plants allowed them to obtain minerals from shoots and roots 4 Reproduction and dispersal seeds pollen Wind animals c The alteration of generation allows plants to have both multicellular diploid and haploid bodies i GENERATION I In plants the zygote undergoes mitosis and develops into a diploid plant called the sporophyte This plant undergoes meiosis and releases haploid spores note these are not the gametes out into the environment moss and ferns ii GENERATION II Spores undergo mitosis and develop into a haploid plant or gametophyte that produces gametes sperm and egg which meet during fertilization Chance seedling green apples never turned red saved seeds lots of green apples Complete the chart Algae Moss Ferns Bryophytes Pine trees Gymnosperms Flowering plants Angiosperms Xylem Waxy cuticle Stomata Seeds Phloem Fruit Lignin Flagellated sperm Embryo develops attached to parent Pollen Mitosis Wind pollination Spores x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity Class Discussion x X X x Chordates Craniates Vertebrates Jawed Vertebrates Tetrapods Amniotes Brain head vertebrate jaws lungs lobed fin legs amniotic milk hair Derived Character set members of a species and its descendants apart from their ancestors Water to land adaptations in vertebrates 1 What structures do animals need to walk on land Limbs bear weight neck shoulder bones are not connected to the scull directly strong backbone spine got stronger for support 2 How can animals prevent drying out from their body surfaces when not immersed in water Moist skin supplements their lungs for gas exchange skin is waterproof scales keratin Scales waterproof with the tough protein keratin keeps body from drying out 3 How do fish and amphibians disperse gametes Release eggs in water external fertilization 4 How is this different from lizards birds and mammals Maintained inside organisms internal fertilization 5 How do fish and amphibians keep their developing young hydrated Keep them in the water 6 How is this different from lizards birds and mammals Carry young in sack amniotic eggs carry and hatch Specialized structure filled with fluid that protects the embryo and provides nutrients 7 Why are birds and mammals endothermic Warm blooded and have methods of heat retention because they have a high metabolism greater energy needs Can use the heat that s generated by their metabolism to maintain body temperature Clades can be based on morphology Similarity of many morphological characteristics are used color size structure etc Most recent clades are based on molecular similarities Grouping activity aminiotic eggs lamprey hair invertebrates monotreme frog swim bladder milk snake tetrapods mammals shark hollow bones mockingbird endothermic paired fins hagfish aquatic waterproof skin tuna fish cartilage skeleton turtle eutherians caecilians cow kangaroo lungs reptiles monotremes ectothermic Make 5 different groups with these words Words may overlap and be in two groups Study tip add to this list and try again and make a concept map with this list
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