1Final Exam PracticeFinal Exam is on Monday, DECEMBER 13 9:00 AM - 12 NOONBRING PICTURE I.D.Exam Review on Thursday, Dec. 9 (new material only)7-9 PM Exam Tutorial Friday, Dec 10th 1-3 PMSpring 2004 Final Exam PracticeMIT Biology Department7.012: Introductory Biology - Fall 2004Instructors: Professor Eric Lander, Professor Robert A. Weinberg, Dr. Claudette GardelSpring 2004 Final Exam Practice 2Question 1In the space provided next to each definition or description, clearly write the letter of theappropriate term from the list of terms given on the last page.____A short, single-stranded DNA that serves as the necessary starting materialfor the synthesis of the new DNA strand in PCR____The synthesis of DNA using DNA as a template____The building blocks of DNA and RNA____The synthesis of protein using information encoded in mRNA____The location in a eukaryotic cell where the electron transport chain occurs____The major component of cell membranes____The genetic composition of an organism____A gene that lies on one of the sex chromosomes____An organism without membrane-bound organelles____A cell with 1n chromosomes____The building blocks of proteins____A cell with 2n chromosomes____A major source of energy that has the general formula (CH2O)n____An enzyme needed for completion of lagging strand synthesis, but notleading strand synthesis____The synthesis of RNA using one strand of DNA as a template____An observed characteristic of an organismSpring 2004 Final Exam Practice 3Question 1, continued____A DNA molecule that is distinct from the chromosome; this molecule can beused to move foreign DNA in or out of a cell____The DNA from a eukaryote formed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase; thisDNA lacks introns____An organism with 2 identical alleles for the same gene____A membrane protein involved in signal transduction; activation involvesbinding a GTP molecule____An organism with genetic material inside a nucleus____An organism with 2 different alleles for the same gene____A measure of the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate____A gene that lies on any chromosome except the sex chromosomes____The membrane that surrounds the cell____One of the alternate forms of a gene found at a given locus on achromosome____A technique for the rapid production of millions of copies of a particularregion of DNA____Proteins with a signal sequence are directed to this cellular organelleSpring 2004 Final Exam Practice 4Question 2The following double-stranded DNA contains sequence of a eukaryotic gene: b 1 2 3 5'-ATGGCCTTCACACAGGAAACAGCTATGGCCATGAGCACGC 1 ---------+---------+---------+---------+ 40 3'-TACCGGAAGTGTGTCCTTTGTCGATACCGGTACTCGTGCG ii CAGTCTCGGCATTATCCTATTAAAGGGAACTGAGGTGA-3' 41 ---------+---------+---------+---------+ 80 GTCAGAGCCGTAATAGGATAATTTCCCTTGACTCCACT-5' ia) Transcription begins at the underlined A/T at base pair 17 (b) and proceeds to the right.What are the first 12 nucleotides of the resulting mRNA? Indicate the 5' and 3' ends of themRNA.b) The first 7 amino acids of the protein encoded by this gene are: NH3+ -met-ala-met-ser-thr-pro-his-tyr....COO-i) underline the nucleotides which correspond to the 5' untranslated region of the primaryRNA transcript made from this gene.ii) draw a box around the intron region in this gene.c) Consider each of the following three mutations independently.i) How would the resulting protein change if the underlined G/C base pair at position 22 (1)was deleted from the DNA sequence? Briefly explain.ii) How would the resulting protein change if the underlined G/C base pair at position 27 (2)was changed to a C/G base pair? Briefly explain.iii) How would the resulting protein change if the underlined A/T base pair at position 31(3) was deleted from the DNA sequence? Briefly explain.Spring 2004 Final Exam Practice 5Question 2, continuedd) Puromycin is an antibiotic that has an effect on both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Puromycin, which is structurally similar to the aminoacyl terminus of an aminoacyl-tRNA (seediagram), inhibits protein synthesis by releasing nascent polypeptide chains before theirsynthesis is completed.R represents the side group of the amino acidR' is the remainder of the tRNAExplain how puromycin can affect this result on growing polypeptide chains and why thepeptide chain is released.Question 3a) Many patients are coming into the emergency room with a disease caused by an unknownpathogen! A doctor studies this pathogen in order to create a vaccine against it. She discoversthat the infectious agent is an intracellular bacterium and its cell surface is coated with human-like proteins. Considering the mechanism of the pathogen, the doctor decides to generate alive-attenuated vaccine instead of a heat-killed vaccine.i) What are the two advantages of using a live-attenuated vaccine vs. a heat killed vaccine inthis case?ii) What is a disadvantage of using a live-attenuated vaccine?b) When a rabbit protein is injected into rabbits, no antibodies against this protein aregenerated. If, however, the same rabbit protein is injected into guinea pigs, the guinea pigsgenerate antibodies against the rabbit protein. Briefly (in one or two sentences) explain thisobservation.c) The genomes contained in almost all of the somatic cells in an adult human are identical.Name one (diploid) cell type that is an exception to this and specify the process by which thegenetic variation occurred.d) Will siblings have the exact same antibody repertoire? What about identical twins? Brieflyexplain your reasoning.Spring 2004 Final Exam Practice 6Question 4a) Below is the pedigree for a family with an autosomal recessive disease, disease X.?= unaffected female= affected female= unaffected male= affected maleABC Di) What is the genotype of individual A at the disease X locus? Use “+” to indicate thewildtype allele and “-“ to indicate the mutant allele.ii) What is the probability that individual B is a carrier of disease X?iii) Individuals C and D decide to have a child. What is the probability that the child will havedisease X?iv) What is the probability that the child of individuals C and D will be a carrier of disease X?b) The most common mutant allele of the disease X gene is a deletion of three nucleotideswhich eliminates a phenylalanine at amino acid residue 508. Although the mutant X protein ismade, it is not localized to the plasma membrane.i) Assuming the altered X protein is stable, where might it be
View Full Document
Unlocking...