Recitation 10 Central dogma DNA RNA Protein Gene Regulation Happens in the Nucleus Transcription Translation Splicing Ribosomes are in the cytoplasm Modi cations Transport from nucleus to cytoplasm RNA degradation Operon Chromatin Two types lac operon and trp operon Lac involved in breaking down lactose Trp involved in breaking down triptaphan Multiple genes that are involved in a pathway that are located right next to each other Heterochmoatin compact DNA wrapped around histone which is made up of proteins Euchromatin DNA is loosely associated with the histone Active transcription because it is loose so it is easier to unwind Enhancers and transcription factors activators Only eukaryotes have enhancers Enhancers are speci c sequences found in DNA Transcription factors bind to enhancers The two are very far away Still has affect because the DNA bends Protein localization Ribosomes are in the cytoplasm Signal Sequences Nuclear localization sequence transmembrane localization sequence default is the cytoplasm What protein recognizes the signal sequence and brings it to the ER Signal Recognition Protein First step of non cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum The Signal Recognition Protein Receptor brings to the SRP into the ER lumen Second step of non cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus Goes from ER to Golgi via budding Budding the membrane of the ER will form a capsule DNA RNA Ribosome Signal Sequence ER Golgi Vesicles Final destination Plasma membrane
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