PSYC 3303 1nd Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Cross-tolerance vs Cross-dependenceII. Mechanisms of ActionIII. Major Stimulants: CocaineA. Basic PharmacologyB. Mechanisms of ActionC. Absorption and EliminationD. Beneficial UseE. Causes for concernF. TreatmentOutline of Current Lecture IV. Review of cocaine lectureV. AmphetaminesA.HistoryB.Patterns of Meth AbuseC.Results of Meth AbuseD.Different form of AmphetaminesE.How they workF.Medical UsesCurrent LectureIV. Review of cocaine lecture:- KNOW history regarding cocaine. E. g. Coca-cola had cocaine in it, they now use caffeine.Freud was a proponent of cocaine.- Acute: High OD potential- Chronic: Paranoid, schizophrenia. Also, cocaine abstinence syndrome (depressed, unableto feel pleasure)- Works by blocking DA uptakeV. Amphetamines:- Similar to cocaine issues (but effects last longer and can be taken orally)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. History:- Dates back almost 5000 years, found in Chinese tea from ma huang herb(Ephedra vulgaris) used for bronchial problems- 1887 Isolated active ingredient Ephedrine (amphetamine is the synthetic version).- In 20s – synthesis of amphetamines- In 30s-40s used to treat schizophrenia, alcoholiasm- In 1932 put under name Benzedrine for weight loss and bronchial probs- In world war II used to keep troops awake. Also given to kamikaze pilots. Seems that Hitler used it.- In 60s I.V. use of amphetamines (speed)- In 1965 - restrictions- Meth most desired drug street (crack)- In 80s people started smoking it (ice)- In 1990s – abuse in form of meth started becoming a social concern- Could be found over the counter but in 2003 Steve Bechler (baseball player collapse and died on field - more restrictions.B. Patterns of Meth Abuse:- Used more in Southern/Midwestern states (nothing around, good places to make meth)- Lately there has been a shift to Mexico where it is easier to get precursor drugs (pseudoephedrine), then smuggle in- Creates lots of toxic waste (have to tear house down is lab)- Easy to manufacture- Oregon hit hard (faces of meth)C. Results of Meth Abuse- Rapid deterioration (google “faces of meth”)- Open skin sores (high doses of amphetamines change physiology)- Stereotypic behavior (repeat same behavior over and over, “get stuck” e.g. pick at skin)- Meth mouth, breaks down gumD. Different form of Amphetamines- Molecular structure similar to dopamine- Difference between amphetamines and meth is potencyE. How they work, Mechanism- Look at Fig. 4.4 pg 103 (molecular structure)- Double action on brain: Presynaptic storage mechanism: Cause increased amounts of dopa. and norep. release AND slow down reuptake – massive dopamine increaseF. Medical Uses- Previously used for depression - Previously used for weight control (but no significant results were found when studied)- Used for Narcolepsy (falling asleep uncontrollably and unpredictably during the day)- Used for ADHD especially in
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