PSYC 3303 1st Edition Lecture 11 Outline of Last Lecture II. Additional HormonesIII. Blood Doping IV. Detection A.Enzyme Immunoessay (EIA)B.Gas ChromatographyC.Sensitivity/SpecificityD.Detection PeriodsV. Glues, Solvents and Other InhalentsVI. Inhalents – 3 Major Groups:A. Gaseous AnestheticB. Volatile SolventsC. NitratesVII. DamagesOutline of Current Lecture I. Sedative Hypnotic and Antianxiety DrugsII. Barbiturates A. EffectsIII. NonbarbituratesA. Antianxiety drugsB. PhobiasC. Chloral HydrateD. MethaqualoneIV. BenzodiazepinesCurrent LectureI. Sedative Hypnotic and Antianxiety DrugsCalm us down and help us sleep.II. BarbituratesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Suppression of activity so was also used to treat epilepsy but not anymore, they have specific drugs for epilepsy now.- Found in urine.- Categories based on the duration of the drug action (long/short drug works for. View 13.1 pg 317 on low/high potential abuse)- Historically used to sleep but therapeutic use decreased a lotA. Effects:Acute effects: - very similar to alcohol: Normal – relief from anxiety – disinhibition – sedation – sleep – general anesthesia – coma – death. - Never combine with alcohol.- Suppresses REM sleep. a. Wake and REM sleep patterns look similar. b. All mammals have REM. It is necessary.c. REM rebound: catch up if missed one night of itd. Alcohol suppresses REMChronic Effects:- Tolerance- Physical dependence- Psychological dependence- Withdrawal symptoms: usually are the opposite effects of the drug (seizures, overexcitement) III. Nonbarbiturates:A. Antianxiety Drugs. The Nature of Anxiety- Generalized Anxiety Disorder, “free floating anxiety” (don’t know why anxious but always are)- Phobic Disorder: specific fear- Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia- OCDB. Phobias: a. Common phobias: - First Place: Bugs, mice, spiders etc- Second: Heights- Also: water, storms, closed places etc- Simple/social/agoraphobiab. Etiology and Conditioning/Learning Phobias- Biological fators- Genetic predisposition (identical twin studies show 35% , fraternal studies show 15% genetic)- GABA circuits- Acquired: Through classical conditioning (pair it with bad experience)/observation (e.g. see brother reacts badly to something, you learn to too)- Maintained: Through operant conditioning (avoid phobia to reduce anxiety). Solution: Systematic Desensitization (work way to extinction of fear. First see picture of phobia, then get close, then do it)c. Factors:- Cognition Factors: Judgments of perceived threat- Personality Factors: Neuroticism- Stress factors: A precipitatorC. Chloral Hydrate: - Known as “knockout drops” or “Mickey Finn” (criminals would drug soldiers slipping the drug in drink and would then rob/assault them.- Short onset (30 mins)- Produces sleep within 1-2 hrs- For insomniaD. Methaqualone (Quaalude):- Thought to be Non-addictive BUT turned out not true- Alternative to Barbiturates- High toxic dose- Eventually benzodiazepines substituted itX. Benzodiazepines:- DO NOT confuse with BARBITURATES (Barb have sedation effects)- Drugs that decrease anxiety WITHOUT major sedative effects.- View table 13.3 pg 321 (also classified for duration)- E.g. Valium -
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