PSYC 3303 1nd Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Nicotine and Tobacco Use A. HistoryB. TodayII. What’s in Tobacco? III. Pharmacology of NicotineIV. Effects of Tobacco UseV. ConsequencesA. Health ConsequencesB. Deaths and Patterns of BehaviorC. Smokeless TobaccoVI. Global TrendsVII. QuittingOutline of Current Lecture VIII. Review of Tobacco and NicotineIX. CaffeineA. Caffeine FamilyB. Caffeine as a drugC. DependenceD. Effects and Health RisksCurrent LectureCoffee bean plant :Coffea Arabica originated in Ethiopia.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.VIII. Review of Tobacco and Nicotine:Know History of tobacco (cigars were most used first). Ladies would use opium. Cigarettes were for women.Following attempt to quit there are proven cognitive deficits (can’t concentrate when trying to quit) due to withdrawal. This is one of the reasons people relapse.IX. CaffeineA. Caffeine Family:Found in Coffee and comes from family of Xanthines.Also found in this family is: - Theophylline (found in tea)- Theobromine (found in chocolate)Many types of means may be used to make coffee. Most used: mix of different types of beans.The longer the beans are roasted, the more flavor. “Dark” does not mean more caffeine.In decaf, they put coffee beans in methylene chloride (toxic solution) to suck out the caffeine, some residue of substance remains on beans (health concerns?)1 cup of 5oz coffee = about 100 mg of caffeinetea = about 50 mgchocolate = about 25 mg (milk choc has less than dark choc)Other sources:It can be found in energy drinks, gums, soft drinks, inhaling (stix) etc.Coca-cola has about 25mg per can but some energy drinks may contain as much, or even more than coffee.In drugs it can be found in meds used to stay alert (No Doz) or for pain relievers (Excedrin)We consume around 200 mg a day but 1/3rd consume more than 500 a day.B. Caffeine as a drug:Usually taken orally. Absorption= about 30 mins. Half-life (how much it takes to break down in body. The shorter time it takes, the more frequently you need to take it for the effects) = 3 hrsC. Dependence:You can have both psychological and physical dependence.(Cocaine has the shortest half-life)Withdrawal – main problem=headachePsychological dependence is strong too.Mechanism:Blocks brain receptors for adenosine (inhibitory neurotransmitter)D. Effects and Health Risks:Physical effects:- Low dose: increase activity of cortex = alertness and lack of fatigue, increased attention and vigilence- High dose: effect on action centers, impact brain functionDoes NOT reverse alcohol intoxicationHealth risks: inconclusiveLethal Dose: 80 to 100 cups of
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