PSYC 3303 1nd Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture I. MarijuanaA. ToxicityB. Medical UseII. AlcoholA.How it’s MadeB.Types of AlcoholOutline of Current Lecture III. AlcoholA. PharmacologyB. Effects C. Chronic AbuseD. GeneticsE. TreatmentCurrent LectureIII. AlcoholA. Pharmacology:- Measuring alcohol in blood- Effects of alcohol concentration in blood:i. .08 – legal limitii. .05 – release inhibitions (become funny, can be dangerous makes you do stupid stuff)iii. .1 – dangerousiv. .12 – vomit reflexv. .25 – effects balancevi. .30 – no comprehensionvii. .35 – LD1 (lethal dose)viii. .40 – LD 50 (coma)ix. .60 – dead- Even if alcoholic blood alcohol level content stays the same- If alcoholic may be broken down fasterB. Effects:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- On CNS: depressant, acting on GABA receptor- ED close to LD (about 10, dangerous OD potential)- Before Ether alcohol was used for anesthesia- Depression of higher cortical function : behavioral effects (frontal lobe control impulses), followed by depression of brain stem areas.- Heat loss- Diuretic (not good in heat)- Cardiovascular effects (1 drink a day good but more not)- Hangover (gastric irritant, thirst, cellular dehydration)Acute behaviors:- Blackouts: encoding issue – info doesn’t get in. Common, occurs even at modest consumption. We don’t know why.- Impaired driving- Aggression: 95% sexual assaults involve alcohol- 1 in seven young people admits to unsafe sex under influence. Sexual aphrodisiac (if too high doses – opposite effect)- Study suggests low consumption may protect cognitive decline in dementia patients (elderly)C. Chronic Abuse:Alcoholism (use the SMAST test for alcoholism screening p. g. 224), related to:- Preoccupation with drinking. Binge drinking: loss of control, can’t stop (4 to 5 drinks in one sitting). Symptomatic: to self-medicate if depressed or to decrease anxiety. Binge – higher in males.- Emotional probs- Social probs- Physical probs- Hiding the problemBiological effects of chronic abuse: - Tolerance- Physical dependence- Withdrawal symptoms: Delirium tremens – seizures, life-threatening (usually occurs after 12 hrs from last drink). To avoid it, substitute alcohol with barbiturates.- Liver desease: fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis (inflammation, may be reversed), alcoholic cirrhosis (scarring) – irreversible (have to remove portion of liver/liver transplant- Cardiovascular (stroke)- Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome (disorientation, amnesia, motor difficulty (permanent state of blackout, no old/new memories), very prevalent, involves thiamine deficiency- FAS (Fetal alcohol syndrome) no “safe” amount of alcohol determined while pregnantD. Alcoholism and Genetics:- Adoption: slightly higher if bio parents were alcoholics- Twin studies: concordance rate <1- BOTH nature and nurture contributeE. Treatment:- Disulfiram: creates severe physical reactions when consume alcohol with (associate it with negative experiences). Acetaldehyde buildup.- Naltrexone :block positive reinforcement properties of alcohol- AA – group therapy (twelve steps, you do not have power) – no psychometric properties (we do not know if effective)- Rational recovery: collection of approaches (YOU have power over it)Effective?- 75% relapse rate (very high)- Factors: support (family, friends), job (like/hate it), minimal psychopathology, minimal abuse of other
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