PSYC 3303 1nd Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture I. Issues of ConcernII. Risk FactorsIII. Personal and Social DangersOutline of Current Lecture IV. Physical and Pscychological DependanceA. Define AddictionB. Positive and Negative ReinforcementsV. Drug – Violence ConnectionVI. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)VII. Introducing NeuronsCurrent LectureIV. Physical and Psychological DependenceA. All three of these are needed to define as addiction:Tolerance level – There is concern when there is drug use escalation (start using higher and higher doses to get same effect). Not enough to define as addiction.Physical Dependence – Withdrawal. Contunue drug use to AVOID consequences of PHYSICAL withdrawal symptoms.Psychological Dependence – Craving. Motivated by CRAVING of pleasurable effects. To AVOID FEARED consequences of withdrawal. Cocaine, tobacco are more dangerous for psychological dependence than physical withdrawal.WANT becomes NEED the drug.B. Positive/negative reinforcement:Physical dependence is associated with negative reinforcement; take the drug in order to avoid physical symptoms of withdrawal.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Some drugs are associated more with psychological dependence such as cocaine, marijuana andtobacco. This is a form of positive reinforcement, take the drug in order to experience pleasurable feelings it gives.V. Drug-Violence Connection- Pharmacological violence: Violence brought on by the drug. Not many drugs produce this effect (mostly happens with alcohol)- Economically compulsive violence: If it stems from costliness of drug-taking behavior (need money to buy drugs)- Systemic Violence: Drug distribution. As a way of maintaining control over (drug) “business” (territory, gangs, punishment for defrauding)VI. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)Child is born with problems if mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy. Avoided by eliminating alcoholic consumption during pregnancy. Usually associated with low SAS, socioeconomic status. 10 Xs higher in low SAS.It is 20Xs higher in USA vs Europe. Could be because of limited access to healthcare and information in low SAS. In Europe there is more info and healthcare access available, even in low SAS.VII. Introducing NeuronsGlial, satellite (support cells).Composed of cell body, dendrites, myelin sheath, axon, synaptic knobs.Multiple Sclerosis (MLS) caused by damage to Myelin Sheath (covering
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