CCI 150 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Newspapers continuedOutline of Current Lecture I. Radio as MediaCurrent LectureI. Radio as Media 1.) First type of electronic media. Created about 1900. Radio was the FIRST time a message could send itself!2.) Telegraph was used heavily by the time of the American Civil War. Radio developed from the telegraph. However telegraph had limitations because you needed wire. So, inventors thought, “Why not a wireless telegraph?” In the early days, radio was referred to as ‘the wireless’.3.) Telegraph lead to the invention of Inverted Pyramid.4.) Marconi patented a radio device in Great Britain. His device was strong enough to send a message across the English channel by 1900, across the Atlantic Ocean by 1902. Voice transmission was possible by 1906. *Early radio was thought of to be used for very practical reasons, such as telegraph and morse code.*5.) First practical use was for shipping—the public knew nothing about it. The big news of the Titanic was the first event that brought radio to the attention of the average person. Also,a young man named David Sarnoff had a ‘radio set’ on display in his window. He started picking up radio signals from the Titanic sinking. This was a revolutionary way to receive info. This was the first time that the news of a ship wreck got to shore before the survivors did.6.) Westinghouse had a factory in Pittsburg, and they built a shack on top of their factoryand it was the first commercial radio station in America. Their station was called KDKA Pittsburg (est. in 1920). The company did this just to try and sell more radios. The company had no idea what kind of programming to put on the air. They also had no idea of making money via advertising. Because of this other stations wen on the air quickly. 7.) White House got a radio in 1923 under Warren Harding. Radio listeners found President Coolidge’s cat after it was reported lost over the radio. Radio became very popular, very fast. By 1930, even ordinary people had them. We know this because the 1930 census These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.asked if families if they owned a radio. (Mrs. Gary’s family even had a radio in 1930 and they were rural TN farmers that didn’t even have electricity. They operated them with car batteries.)8.) There was no radio regulation at first, anyone could start a station. This caused a cacophony on the air. People worried about the radio’s influence. Not enough airspace for everypotential station. This led to the government getting involved and inventing the FRC and then the FCC. (FRC and FCC simply regulated all this.) To this day, you have to apply to the FCC if you want to broadcast over the air. No other form of media requires this. This is because there is a limited amount of airspace. The government (FRC, FCC) acts as a Trustee rationale to make sure that your broadcast are for the public interest. 9.) FCC: Controls who can own stations, how powerful those stations can be and where they are on the dial. Owners must apply, must meet decency standards and operate in public interest. Face fines, even removal from the air, if they don’t. There are fines for ‘indecent’ material on the airwaves. KFAR in Knoxville not licensed (Pirate radio station). 10.) Early radio—before television: There was prime time (hours right after dinner) programming, different show types, families gathered around to listen, radio was VERY popular- everyone wanted radio. 1930 census was the first census to ask about radios. 11.) Info from Dr. Herb Howard: In the golden era of radio (before tv): National networks developed. They developed dramas, comedies, soap operas, westerns, kids shows, music would be like a live symphony orchestra, very similar to TV. There were even movies played on the radio! The networks would have to send their radio programing to local stations and then the local stations had to broadcast them to the public. NBC, ABC, CBS, and Mutual Broadcasting System were the four national radio networks. Radio was very formal at first. In the early days ofradio there wasn’t any recorded music played on the radio because they didn’t really need it, there were all kinds of other programming. Another reason is, it just didn’t sound good. The sound quality was bad. 12.) The 4 big radio stations developed television – ‘radio with pictures’. They took all their radio shows over to television. This left radio with virtually nothing. So everyone said that radio was going to die. 13.) Reasons radio didn’t die: - Record technology improved- Radio technology improved- Station owners developed the Top 40 format (Playing the 40 most popularsongs over and over and over again.) - Radios got smaller and more mobile: Teenagers loved transistor radios. Motorists loved having radios in their cars.- Radio owners’ willingness to change converge with technology to save this