CCI 150 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Information Science and Technology Cont… II. Communication and CultureOutline of Current Lecture I. Culture and Communication Cont…II. Verbal CommunicationCurrent LectureI. Culture and Communication Cont…1.) Importance of Culture in Communication: There are demographic changes, cultural sensitivity, economic interdependency, communication technology and competence. These are all reasons that it is important for you take others cultures into account. 2.) Aim of cultural perspective: to distinguish what is universal vs. relative. To effectively communicate with persons who are culturally different from yourself. To help us understand thespectrum of acceptable communication. 3.) Semantics: There can be differing semantics even among similar cultures and languages. Ex: English woman thinks biscuits and gravy sounds gross (Biscuits are cookies in England).4.) Individualistic Cultures: Individuals have their own goals, there is high competition, success can be measured by surpassing others, you are individually responsible, there are leaders and followers, power, achievement, Hedonism, and simulation are valued. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.5.) Collectivist Cultures: Group goals are more important, cooperation is very valued, andyou feel the responsibility for the entire group, there may be leadership but it is more shared or rotated. 6.) High context cultures: Information is known by all participants but it is not explicitly stated in verbal message. Collectivist Cultures: Japanese, Arabic, Latin American, Thai, Korean, Apache, and Mexicans are examples. (Small example: an inside joke). There is emphasis on personal relationships. More oral communication. They spends lots of time getting to know one another interpersonally and socially. Also, they practice face-saving which is avoiding public arguments or criticism for fear of embarrassing the person. 7.) Low-Context: Information explicitly stated, often written. Individualist cultures are German, Swedish, Norwegian, and American. There is less emphasis on personal relationships. Everything has to be stated explicitly. 8.) Power Distances: High-power-distance cultures- You would not criticize your leader (extreme ex: North Korea). You would not date or have friends very different from yourself in class, race, etc. Low-power-distance cultures- You could correct your teacher if they have spelled something wrong on the board and that would be okay. You are friends or date whomever you like. 9.) Masculine Cultures: It is acceptable to have material success and strength (more competitive), people are socialized to be assertive and ambitious, it is very competitive, Winning matters!10.) Feminine culture: people are more modest, quality of life would be more valuable toyou than winning, you value being kind to one another, you are more likely to compromise and negotiate, and there is emphasize worker satisfaction. 11.) Ethnocentrism: Tendency to see others and their behaviors through your own cultural filters, often as distortions of your won behaviors. People have their own ethnic identitywhich is the commitment to the beliefs and philosophy of your culture. II. Verbal Communication 1.) Principals of verbal messages:-Meanings are in people, not in the words. (The person knows what they mean with the words they are using.)- Meanings depend on context.-Language varies in directness (very direct or hinting at things)- Messages are influenced by culture and gender2.) Language is denotative and connotative-Denotative: The true meaning of the word/phrase. You can look it up in a dictionary.- Connotation: refers to the emotional meaning that specific speakers give to a word.3.) If you ignore cultural principals when communicating you may be seen as a deviant orperhaps as insulting. 4.) Principal of Cooperation: Maximum of quality (honesty), Maxim of relations (stay on topic), maxim of manner (being clear, not ambiguous), maxim of quantity (saying as much as you need to say but not too much.)5.) Language and meaning: you must confirm what someone said (you don’t have to agree, you just must confirm that you received the message. You also hear someone out even if what they are saying isn’t true.) If you use confirmation, someone will be more likely to hear you out. Disconfirmation is when you simply blow someone off and not listen to them. 6.) Offensive Language: Racism, Ageism, Sexism, Abelism (discriminating against people with disabilities).7.) Languages Expresses both facts and inferences: Fact-inference confusion (stating a fact, but implying something else. Ex: your boss saying ‘Wow, it’s 8:20’ but she is implying that you’re late.) 8.) Static Language: language is not completely static. Slang