PSY 233 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I. End of Chapter 4A. Reviews- problems with Freudian Psychoanalytic theoryII. Chapter 5A. Carl Rogers- humanistic approach- formed the center for the study of the person- Unconditional positive regardB. Developed 14 principles from therapy:1. Don’t act like I’m something I’m not2. Permit myself to understand another person3. Experience is the highest authority4. What is most personal and unique to us is what resonates with others5. People have a positive direction6. Life is dynamic and flowing- Roger doesn’t respond to an absolute reality but to my perception of reality- Phenomenal field- Rogers philosophy- Positivity of human motivation- Phenomenological perspectiveOutline of Current Lecture III. Chapter 5- continued - Q sort technique- Semantic differential- Self-consistency- Congruence- Roger’s and subceptionA. Roger’s 2 defensive processes1. distortion of the meaning of the experience2. denialB. Conditions of worthC. Growth and development: Rogers saw 2 critical factors during developmentThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Parent-child level2. Internal psychological structureD. Parent-child relationships- Self-esteem- CoopersmithE. 3 parental factors positively influencing children’s self-esteemCurrent LectureIII. Chapter 5- continued - Q sort technique- assesses the actual and ideal self-using cards that are descriptions of behaviors answering most like me or not like me o Validates actual/ideal self- Semantic differential- measures attitudes and meanings of concepts on 7 point scales on polar scales measuring real and ideal self- Roger and self-actualization- becoming complex, independent, change of freedom and expressiono Self-actualization can cross cultures and make people relate- Rogers never measured self-actualization but others have developed a 15 item assessment for self-actualization- Self-consistency- self-actualization is incomplete to explain range of personality issues so humans strive for self-consistency-maintaining its own self structure or valuation of self - Congruence- what people feel and how they see themselves vs. incongruence- Anxiety according to Rogers= discrepancy between self and the experience of theself- Roger’s and subception- becoming aware of an experience that is discrepant with the self before it reaches conscious awarenessA. Roger’s 2 defensive processes1. distortion of the meaning of the experience2. denial- Need for positive regard- Rogers contends all humans have this need!- Positive regard is especially needed in childhoodB. Conditions of worth- occur in children if the child is praised for some behaviors andnot others- A child who likes the arts but is steered towards sports by his parents, and complies because he thinks his parents approve, loses a part of himselfC. Growth and development: Rogers saw 2 critical factors during development1. Parent-child level: do parents provide UPR2. Internal psychological structure- do we feel congruence between daily experiences and selfo UPR says, “I don’t like what you are doing” vs. “I don’t like you”D. Parent-child relationships: research supports that acceptance and democratic parenting supporting most positive child growth- Self-esteem: evaluations individuals make regarding the self, an enduring personal judgment of worthiness- Coopersmith: study of self-esteem in children found mother’s appraisal of their children’s self-esteemo High elf-esteem in children weren’t associated with parental wealth of education or job titleE. 3 parental factors positively influencing children’s self-esteem1. Degree of acceptance, interest, affection, and warmth expressed by parents of Children2. Permissiveness vs. punishment: parents of children with high self-esteem provide clear, concise, enforced demands for appropriate behaviors. Clear demand for appropriate behaviors and using positive rewards3. Democratic vs. dictatorial
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