PSY 233 1st Edition Lecture 29 Outline of Last Lecture I. Chapter 9 continuedA. Brain structures involved in high reactive children:a. Amygdalab. Frontal lobeB. Effortful control and conscienceC. 4 aspects of evolutionary psychology1. Features of a human mind are those that are important to reproductive success2. Evolve mental mechanisms may not serve us well today3. Evolved mechanisms are domain specific4. The mind’s architecture is like a computer (current research refutes this)D. Sex differences: evolutionary origins?E. Parental investment theory: cross culturally1. Men prefer youthful looking women suggesting reproductive capability2. Women prefer men with resources who offers resources and protection3. Men are most jealous about sexual infidelity, women about emotional InfidelityF. Genes and personality: 23 pairs of human chromosomesOutline of Current Lecture II. Chapter 9 continuedA. Molecular genetic paradigmB. Shared and non-shared environments: nature vs. nurture debateC. 3 kinds of nature nurture interactions1. The same environment can impact each child differently (ex: calm vs. reactive children)2. Differing children’s genetics yield’s varying parental/caretaker resultant interactions3. Individuals with different genetics seek out environments that positively These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.influence genetic traits (ex: an outgoing child seeks out environmental experiences that nurtures their personality traits)D. Prenatal experiences and sexual orientation do prenatal experiences influence homosexuality?E. Hemisphere dominanceF. NeurotransmittersG. Cortisol- fight or flight hormone from adrenal cortexCurrent LectureIII. Chapter 9 continuedA. Molecular genetic paradigm- Human genome project: humans contain 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes) humans contain between 20k-50k genes- Genetic variations or alleles (alleles are genetic variation for certain characteristics)- Genetic basis for resiliency? Gene that codes for an enzyme (monoamine OxidaseInhibitor A) that lowers activities for neurotransmitters associated with aggressive behavior- Those with childhood maltreatment and were resilient had higher levels of MAO-A (figure 9.6)- Clinical depression associated with neurotransmitter Serotonin (correlation between high levels of childhood stress and depression) lower serotonergic + activity + high stress = depression- Environment and gene interaction: research suggests impoverished environments have a negative impact on development- approx. 40-50% for a single personality characteristic is determined by genetic expression influenced byB. Shared and non-shared environments: nature vs. nurture debate- Shared environments: influence siblings alike- Non shared: influence sibling differences- 40% variability in personally due to environment- Appears that differences in children may be due to the individual genetic traits children possess and manifest and how parents interact with each child (ex: highreactive child may have parental interaction that is markedly different from a low reactive child)C. 3 kinds of nature nurture interactions1. The same environment can impact each child differently (ex: calm vs. reactive children)2. Differing children’s genetics yield’s varying parental/caretaker resultant interactions3. Individuals with different genetics seek out environments that positively influence genetic traits (ex: an outgoing child seeks out environmental experiences that nurtures their personality traits)D. Prenatal experiences and sexual orientation do prenatal experiences influence homosexuality?- Right handed men with previous mal siblings have higher rate of homosexual orientation correlate? Perrhaps immune system dysfunction in mom?E. Hemisphere dominance- Depressed individuals have decreased left anterior cortical activity- Manic individuals appears to have right anterior brain activity- Worrying- stronger left frontal brain activityF. Neurotransmitters: dopamine (feel good neurotransmitter) serotonin (mood regulation)- Increase in dopamine is purported in schizophrenia- Decrease in dopamine is purported in Parkinson’s disease- Decrease in serotonin purported in depression- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ex: Prozac, Lexapro, celexa, paxil, etc.)G. Cortisol- fight or flight hormone from adrenal cortex- Testosterone- hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics and aggression/dominance/competitiveness- Plasticity- the ability for the brain to create new neural mechanisms if injured or as a result of environmental influences (ex: writing your name