PSY 233 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Review of the exam 1 multiple choice questionsOutline of Current Lecture II. Chapter 4 continued- psychological changeA. Karen HorneyB. 3 components1. Role of culture in gender identity2. Eric Fromm and social and cultural influences3. Personality structures between European and American citizensC. Harry Stack Sullivan- interpersonal theory of psychiatryD. Object relations, self-psychology and attachment theory- “object”- Object relations- Self-psychologistsE. Narcissism- inordinate amount of focus on selfF. Attachment theory- Bowlby (attachment behavioral system) and Ainsworth- Mary Ainsworth and the “strange situation”o 3 attachment styles: secure 65%, avoidant 25%, anxious/ambivalent 20%- Brian and attachmentG. Attachment: cellular and molecular mechanisms- Cellular: neurons molecular: neurotransmitters- Oxytocin- Experiment- Limbic systemThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Cerebellum- Ainsworth attachment stylesCurrent LectureII. Chapter 4 continued- psychological changeA. Karen Horney- considered cultural influences rather than sexualB. 3 components1. Role of culture in gender identity2. Eric Fromm and social and cultural influences3. Personality structures between European and American citizensC. Harry Stack Sullivan- interpersonal theory of psychiatry- Emotional experiences are based on interactions with others, especially during adolescence, not bio sexual in nature - The “self” develops from experience with others- The “good me” associated with pleasurable experiences- The “bad me” with pain and treats to security- The “not me” with intolerable anxietyD. Object relations, self-psychology and attachment theory- “object”= a person and object relations= interpersonal relationships- Object relations theorists study how individuals form mental representations in the mind, and how “residues of past experiences shape current or future relationships”- Object relations- challenges in early childhood form mental representations of others- Self-psychologists- challenges in early childhood form mental representation of selfE. Narcissism- inordinate amount of focus on self: self absorbed, center of attention, unique and special, lacking empathy for others- self-aggrandizing- mistrust of others- cynical of others- envious of others- rage, shame, humiliation if criticizedF. Attachment theory- Bowlby (attachment behavioral system) and Ainsworth- Effects of attachment are long and we create internal working models (mental representation of significant others)- Mary Ainsworth and the “strange situation”o 3 attachment styles: secure 65%, avoidant 25%, anxious/ambivalent 20%- Brian and attachment- neural underpinnings don’t contain a single mechanism but multiple brain structures of attachment= structures of human emotions G. Attachment: cellular and molecular mechanisms- Cellular: neurons molecular: neurotransmitters- specialized molecules that help the body regulate and function- Oxytocin- purported to the “bonding” neurotransmitter. Released after birth in moms to: assist bonding and forget immense pain of birth- Experiment- insecurely attached individuals given oxytocin reported more securely attached phrases- Limbic system- brain region implicated in attachment- Cerebellum- lower portion of the brain involved in balance and memory- Ainsworth attachment styles- not fixed in stone,
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