PSY 233 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture II. Chapter 1: 5 Goals for Personality TheoristsA. the 5 goals for personality theorists1. Observation is scientific2. Theory is Systematic3. Theory that is testable4. Theory is comprehensive5. Application: theory to practice, what works and why?B. Defining personality- addressing 3 issuesa. definition of personalityC. Understanding personalitya. structureb. structure used a Unit of Analysisc. alternative to structure of personality is the system of personalityD. 2nd consideration in the study of personality is HierarchyE. Personality processesOutline of Current Lecture II. Chapter 1: 5 Goals for Personality Theorists continuedA. personality development in growth and development: how does nature and nurture impact personality development?a. environmental determinants of personalities1. culture2. social class3. family4. peersB. Psychopathology and behavioral change: how personality theorists explain psychopathic behavior?a. Various personality perspectivesC. Internal and external determinants of behaviorD. Does your personality characteristics come from your DNA, or does your environment reinforce these traits?These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.E. Unity of experiences and action and concept of selfF. Influence of past, present, and future III. Chapter 2: Scientific Study of PeopleA. LOTS of DataB. Fixed (nonthematic; Greek for law) vs. flexible idiopathic; Greek for personal or private)Current LectureII. Chapter 1: 5 Goals for personality Theorists continuedA. personality development in growth and development: how does nature and nurture impact personality development?a. environmental determinants of personalities1. culture- individual rights (Americans) vs. collective rights (Asian cultures)2. social class- what opportunities does a wealthy person have vs. a poor person3. family- how do parents or family members influence a child’s personality?4. peers- what role does positive or negative peer relationships play in personality development?B. Psychopathology and behavioral change: how personality theorists explain psychopathic behavior?a. Various personality perspectives1. Humans are rational actors2. Humans are animals3. Humans are computers- late 20th century metaphorC. Internal and external determinants of behaviora. Freud (unconscious drives) vs. Skinner (external forces cause behaviors)b. Consistency across situations over time: defining personality over time is complicatedD. Does your personality characteristics come from your DNA, or does your environment reinforce these traits?- ex: person with athletic skills reinforced by their environments- environment nurtures your DNA and natureE. Unity of experiences and action and concept of self1. Multiple parts of the brain unify our experience as a complex system2. We experience multiple events but it’s our perspective so it’s uniqueF. Influence of past, present, and future- the present is the most casually related to personality development- present experience can influence future expectations- ex: bitten by a dog when young and in the future scared of dogsIII. Chapter 2: Scientific Study of PeopleA. LOTS of Dataa. L- Data: Information obtained from a person’s life history- ex: looking at a person’s academic or criminal record regarding their life behaviorsb. O- Data: Information provided from known observers- ex: information from family and friends and may include specific questionnairesc. T- Data: information obtained from experimental procedures where researchers measures a person’s performance- SAT’s, ACT’s, Weschlerd. S- Data: problems are people reflect Positive Impression Management or PIM characteristics- Ex: making themselves look better than they are- S and L Data are often different- S and O Data tend to be similarly relatedB. Fixed (nonthematic; Greek for law) vs. flexible idiopathic; Greek for personal or private)- Fixed items have the exact same items and tend to be objective- Ex: I like ice cream T/F- Flexible items have questions that ask people about themselves and have them describe these characteristics- Ex: my favorite dessert