PSY 233 1st Edition Lecture 27 Outline of Last Lecture I. Chapter 8 continuedA. Applications of the big 51. Allows professionals a tool to assess personality differences2. May help students predict vocational choices3. Elevated well-being and life satisfaction (subjective interpretation)4. More conscientious individuals may live longer due to health habits (less like violent deaths, less likely to smoke or drink)5. Compulsive personality high in neuroticism and conscientiousnessB. Person-situation controversy: are people consistent in their personality traits?1. Longitudinal stability2. Cross situational consistencyC. Critical evaluationD. SystematicE. ComprehensiveF. ApplicationsOutline of Current Lecture II. Chapter 9: Biological Foundations of PersonalityA. Phineas GageB. TemperamentC. Early views of constitution and temperamentD. Franz Joseph GallE. 3 publications supported biological underpinnings1. Darwin’s origin or species2. Darwin’s expression of emotions in man and animals3. Mendel’s experiments on plant hybridsF. Pavlov’s work in 1905 on classical conditioning was instrumental G. Constitution and temperament longitudinal - NYLS: New York Longitudinal Study- followed 100 children birth to adolescence, 3temperament typesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Easy babies- playful and adaptive2. Difficult babies- negative and unadaptable3. Slow and warm up- low in reactivity and hard to warm upH. Inhibited and uninhibited children: Kagan & Colleagues- Inhibited- UninhibitedI. Kagan’s longitudinal experiments with 4 months until 8 yearsCurrent LectureII. Chapter 9: Biological Foundations of PersonalityA. Phineas Gage- an accident that leads to an observation of a change in personality, rod went through his frontal lobe and he became a different person- Executive planning in frontal lobe- think about things in higher ordero What separates us from the other animals B. Temperament- the biological roots in emotional and motivational tendencies- Ex: How quickly can a child self-regulate when upset?C. Early views of constitution and temperament- Greeks believed the Earth was composed of: Earth, Air, Water, and Fire- Hippocrates believed: 4 humors- blood, black bile, yellow bile, phlegmo Blood= sanguine, black bile=melancholia, yellow bile= choleric, phlegm= phlegmaticD. Franz Joseph Gall- 19th century investigator developed Phrenology (suggested different areas of the brain are responsible for different biological functions and would study differing contours of the head)- Each part of brain was responsible for certain parts of the body and especially personalityE. 3 publications supported biological underpinnings1. Darwin’s origin or species2. Darwin’s expression of emotions in man and animals3. Mendel’s experiments on plant hybridsF. Pavlov’s work in 1905 on classical conditioning was instrumental - Biological underpinnings- strong basis for personalityG. Constitution and temperament longitudinal - NYLS: New York Longitudinal Study- followed 100 children birth to adolescence, 3temperament types1. Easy babies- playful and adaptive2. Difficult babies- negative and unadaptable3. Slow and warm up- low in reactivity and hard to warm upH. Inhibited and uninhibited children: Kagan & Colleagues- Inhibited- reacts to new events in a cautious, avoidance restraint, distress- Uninhibited- enjoy new experiences, laughing, smilingI. Kagan’s longitudinal experiments with 4 months until 8 years:- 20% highly reactive- arched back and forth- 40% low reactive, easy to get along- 40% mixed
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