Ainsworth s strange situation study conducted to see different types of attachment in infants Attachment styles Secure avoidant ambivalent disorganized Availability heuristic a type of cognitive bias that helps us make fast but sometimes incorrect assessments quickest info available Basic emotions Sadness happiness fear anger surprise disgust Erikson s stage theory of psychosocial development the stages and their features postulates that people advance through the stages of development based on how they adjust to social crises throughout their lives Functional fixedness cognitive bias that limits a person to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used Gender differences differences in the mental functions and behaviors of the sexes Gender roles how we re expected to act speak dress groom and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex Gender schemas mental structures that organize incoming information according to gender categories and in turn lead people to perceive the world in terms of gender Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation comes from within while extrinsic motivation arises from external factors Maslow s hierarchy of needs motivational theory in psychology comprising a five tier model of human needs often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid Mental set Different mental approaches to solve problems Need for achievement Psychological need to succeed and win Need for affiliation Psychological need to have friends and relationships Need for power Psychological need to have power over others Needs versus incentives Needs are something a person lacks to survive Incentive is reward for something Piaget s stage theory of cognitive development the stages and their features o Animism and realism o Centration o Conservation o Egocentrism o Object permanence Projective tests Using ambiguous stimuli to generate responses from people Representativeness heuristic estimating the likelihood of an event by comparing it to an existing prototype that already exists in our minds Self actualization a concept regarding the process by which an individual reaches his or her full potential Sexual orientation an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes Stages of grief denial anger bargaining depression and acceptance Units of speech Phonemes are the smallest units of a spoken language
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