PSYCH100 Exam 2 Study Guide Disclaimer we have not seen the exam this study guide is only a representation of what we think could be on the exam Be sure to study All lecture notes demonstrations videos Feldman modules Sensation Perception 10 11 12 13 Learning 17 18 19 Hock Readings Gibson Pavlov Watson Bandura Loftus Connect quizzes 4 5 6 Memory 20 21 22 Sensation Questions 1 Fill in the blanks a Sensation is the process of converting the world into a representation transduction and relaying that information to the conduction b Perception is the process by which we and these mental representations c Psychophysics is the study of the relationship between characteristics of stimuli energy and our experience of them 2 Match the psychophysics key concepts with their explanation Absolute threshold A minimum difference between two stimuli that a person can detect at least 50 of the time Signal detection theory no stimulus at least 50 of the time Difference threshold background stimulation Chance Variation Weber s Law Sensory Adaptation be able to detect a difference B smallest magnitude of stimulus that can be reliably discriminated from C predicts how and when we will detect the presence of a stimulus amidst D Our sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus diminishes E Noise in the system influences sensitivity F The greatests level of intensity of stimulus the larger the difference must 3 Absolute thresholds and just noticeable differences are fixed T F 4 Which of the following is not one of the 3 factors that affect absolute and difference thresholds A Sensory adaptation B Chance variation C Stimulus intensity D Signal detection theory 5 Fill in the blanks vision a b is the distance between peaks of the lightwave whereas is the intensity of the light wave are the cells in the periphery of the retina that are sensitive to light are the cells in the center of the retina sensitive to focus and color perception In our eyes we have three types of cones one maximally sensitive to one maximally sensitive to and one maximally sensitive to d There are two major theories of color vision states that any c color can be created by combining the red green and blue light in varying combinations The second theory color vision and that are antagonistic This means that a that elicits a response from the red depresses a response of green explains color afterimages states that opposing retinal processes enable a Wavelength corresponds to our sensation of color b Color blindness is more common in males than females T F c We experience colors by mixing different levels of response from three different rod T F 6 True False types T F 7 Match the key auditory concepts with their explanation Frequency Amplitude Place Theory Frequency Theory A The intensity of the wave corresponds to our psychological sensation of volume B Different pitches produce responses on different places on the basilar membrane C The number of complete cycles per unit time corresponds to our sensation of pitch D Different pitches cause the basilar membrane to vibrate at different frequencies 8 True False audition a We have two ears in order to perceive where sounds are coming from T F b Amplitude corresponds to our psychological sensation of volume T F c The frequency theory works well with high pitched sounds d Perceiving volume has to do not with the movement of the Basilar Membrane but the T F e When you hear your voice in a recording you hear both the air coming out of your mouth number of stimulated hair cells T F and bone conduction T F Perception Questions 1 There is a 1 1 correspondence between our perceptual representation of the world and the physical reality of the world T F 2 Fill in the blanks a Cases where the rules that we use to interpret the world which are usually true are not b c tried to specify the rules of true and lead us to misinterpretation are called perception for how we distinguish coherent separate objects We try to see the world as composed of objects We perceive certain elemental together to create complex scenes forms and is when we are able to perceive an object as unchanging even though the stimuli we receive from it change Two types of constancy are and constancy d We perceive depth using cues which rely on two eyes and cues which can be perceived with one eye only 3 Match the rules of groups to their descriptions A fill in gaps B spots lines areas seen as a unit when connected C group figures that are similar D group nearby objects together E perceive continuous object F things higher in our visual field perceived as further away G if two items are similar in appearance the one that looks further away is smaller H Clearer is closer I If A blocks B then A must be closer J Motion parallax Things further away move more slowly K Parallel lines converge in the distance L Coarse is closer smoother is further away M Light and shadow closer things are brighter if A casts a shadow Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness Closure Interposition Relative size Clarity Texture gradient Relative height Relative motion Linear perspective Relative brightness on B then A is in front of B Learning Questions 1 Fill in the blanks a either is any relatively permanent change in thoughts or behavior produced by or experience b A process in which you form associations between stimuli and other events is called 2 Describe an example of associative learning 3 The Little Albert experiment discussed in lecture is an example of which of the following A Observational learning B Classical conditioning C Operant conditioning D Punishment 4 Define the unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response 5 True False a An unconditioned reflex is a pre existing stimulus response connection T F b A response starts the chain and the stimulus ends the chain T F 6 What is the conditioned stimulus in the Pavlov s dogs classical conditioning example A Bell B Dog C Food D Salivating 7 Characteristics of the reflex are Innate and unlearned Permanent usually All members of the species have it Does not vary from individual to individual Whereas Characteristics of the reflex are Not present at birth instead learned Impermanent usually Not all members of the species have it Varies from individual to individual 8 What 3 things are necessary for classical conditioning to occur 9 Which of the following is an example of everyday classical conditioning A Pets B Survival of a species C Advertising D Emotions E All the above 10 Match the key
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