PSYCH100 Exam 2 Study Guide Disclaimer: we have not seen the exam, this study guide is only a representation of what we think could be on the exam. Be sure to study!● All lecture notes/demonstrations/videos● Feldman modules: Sensation & Perception 10, 11, 12, 13; Learning 17, 18, 19;Memory 20, 21, 22● Hock Readings: Gibson, Pavlov, Watson, Bandura, Loftus● Connect quizzes: 4, 5, 6Sensation Questions:1. Fill in the blanks.a. Sensation is the process of converting the world into a representation (transduction) and relaying that information to the (conduction).b. Perception is the process by which we , , and these mental representations.c. Psychophysics is the study of the relationship between characteristicsof stimuli (energy) and our experience of them.2. Match the psychophysics key concepts with their explanation.Absolute threshold least 50% of the timeSignal detection theory no stimulus at least 50% of thetimeDifference threshold background stimulationChance Variation Weber’s Law Sensory Adaptation be able to detect a differenceA. minimum difference between two stimuli that a person can detect atB. smallest magnitude of stimulus that can be reliably discriminated fromC. predicts how and when we will detect the presence of a stimulus amidstD. Our sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus diminishesE. Noise in the system influences sensitivityF. The greatests level of intensity of stimulus, the larger the difference must3. Absolute thresholds and just noticeable differences are fixed. T / F4. Which of the following is not one of the 3 factors that affect absolute anddifference thresholds?A) Sensory adaptationB) Chance variationC) Stimulus intensityD) Signal detection theory5. Fill in the blanks. → visiona. is the distance between peaks of the lightwave, whereas is the intensity of the light wave.b. are the cells in the periphery of the retina that are sensitive to light. are the cells in the center of the retina sensitive to focus and colorperception.c. In our eyes we have three types of cones, one maximally sensitive to , one maximally sensitive to , and one maximally sensitive to .d. There are two major theories of color vision. states that any color can be created by combining the red, green, and blue light in varying combinations. The second theory, , states that opposing retinal processes enable color vision and that are antagonistic. This means that a that elicits a response from the red, depresses a response of green (explains“color-afterimages”).6. True/Falsea. Wavelength corresponds to our sensation of color. T / Fb. Color blindness is more common in males than females. T / Fc. We experience colors by mixing different levels of response from three different rodtypes T / F7. Match the key auditory concepts with their explanation.Frequency Amplitude Place Theory Frequency Theory A. The intensity of the wave, corresponds to our psychological sensation of volumeB. Different pitches produce responses on different places on the basilar membraneC. The number of complete cycles per unit time, corresponds to our sensation of pitchD. Different pitches cause the basilar membrane to vibrate at different frequencies8. True/False → auditiona. We have two ears in order to perceive where sounds are coming from. T / Fb. Amplitude corresponds to our psychological sensation of volume. T / Fc. The frequency theory works well with high pitched sounds. T / Fd. Perceiving volume has to do not with the movement of the Basilar Membrane, but thenumber of stimulated hair cells. T / Fe. When you hear your voice in a recording, you hear both the air coming out of your mouthand bone conduction. T / FPerception Questions:1) There is a 1:1 correspondence between our perceptual representation of the world and thephysical reality of the world. T / F2) Fill in the blanks.a. Cases where the rules that we use to interpret the world, which are usually true, are nottrue and lead us to misinterpretation are called .b. tried to specify the ‘rules of perception’ for how we distinguish coherent, separate objects. We try to see the world ascomposed of , objects. We perceive certain elemental forms and together to create complex scenes.c. is when we are able to perceive an object as unchangingeven though the stimuli we receive from it change. Two types of constancy are and constancy.d. We perceive depth using cues (which rely on two eyes) and cues (which can be perceived with one eye only).3) Match the rules of groups to their descriptionsProximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness Closure Interposition Relative size Clarity Texture gradient Relative height Relative motion Linear perspective Relative brightness on B, then A is in front of BA. fill in gapsB. spots, lines & areas seen as a unit when connectedC. group figures that are similarD. group nearby objects togetherE. perceive continuous objectF. things higher in our visual field perceived as further awayG. if two items are similar in appearance, the one that “looks” further away is smallerH. Clearer is closerI. If A blocks B, then A must be closerJ. Motion parallax - Things further away move more slowlyK. Parallel lines converge in the distanceL. Coarse is closer, smoother is further awayM. Light and shadow - closer things are brighter, if A casts a shadowLearning Questions:1) Fill in the blanks.a. is any relatively permanent change in thoughts or behavior produced byeither or experience.b. A process in which you form
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