OUTLINE Modules 36 37 38 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1 Prenatal Development read in text 2 Newborns 3 Infancy 4 Childhood a Cognitive Development Piaget b Social Development Parenting Styles 5 Adolescent a Moral Development Kohlberg NEWBORNS Reflexes Rooting touch newborn s cheek with finger and she will turn and start sucking Blinking flash lights or wave your hand in newborn s eyes and he will blink Moro hold infant and drop slightly will reach with hands and legs Grasping put finger in newborn s hand and she will grab it Stepping hold newborn upright slightly off floor will make walking movements Preferences Human voices Faces face like images Mother s sound Mother s smell WHY 1 needs food 2 needs comfort Evolution NEWBORNS Which figure do you think babies prefer stare at longer They prefer the left figure because it resembles a face Cognitive development video Kids think magic is the answer to impossible events because parents build up fantastic Unlikely the children will come up with explanations on their own Accept in the realm of possibility don t have enough experience to know it is stories like Santa impossible Compare infants reactions to magical and non magical events o Babies will stare at impossible events o 2 weeks older the babies weren t surprised anymore because they made up an explanation in their head o Went back to being surprised when they were shown their explanation was wrong o infants generate explanations INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT PIAGET S Stage Theory of Cognitive Development Background What is a stage theory Basic assumption How do children construct knowledge 1 Assimilation o Schemas 2 Accommodation PIAGET S Stage Theory of Cognitive Development STAGE 1 Sensorimotor Stage When What is it Things that happen during this stage Motor activities Object permanence Attachment Stranger anxiety PIAGET S Stage Theory of Cognitive Development STAGE 2 Preoperational When What is it Things that happen during this stage Symbolic play Egocentrism Lack Conservatism Can t use logic yet or do mental operations PIAGET S Stage Theory of Cognitive Development Read in textbook STAGE 3 Concrete Operational When Age 7 12 STAGE 4 Formal Operational When Age 12 on INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD Social Development ATTACHMENT What is it Strange Situation Test Styles of attachment 1 Secure child 2 Avoidant insecure 3 Ambivalent insecure parent child parent child parent Child 4 Disorganized disoriented INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD Social Development Long term effects of attachment 1 Sociability 2 Relationship styles Securely attached Avoidant Insecure Ambivalent insecure INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD Social Development Another factor in Attachment Contact comfort Harlow article Monkey babies raised with surrogate mothers 2 Surrogate mothers in cage cloth vs wire Gp 1 cloth mother with milk and wire mother w o milk Gp 2 wire mother with milk and cloth mother w o milk Who did the monkeys prefer Gp 1 Gp 2 INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD Social Development PARENTING STYLES 1 Authoritarian High demands low responsiveness 2 Permissive low demands high responsiveness 3 Authoritative high demands high responsiveness 4 Uninvolved low demands low responsiveness ADOLESCENCE In a country in Europe a poor man named Valjean could find no work nor could his sister and brother Without money he stole food and medicine that they needed He was captured and sentenced to prison for 6 years After 2 years he escaped from prison and went to live with his mother under a new name He saved money and slowly built up a big factory He gave his workers high wages and used his profits to build a hospital for people who could not afford medical care 20 years passed when a tailor recognized the factory owner as being Valjean the escaped convict whom the police had been looking for back in his hometown Should the tailor report Valjean to the police Why or Why not MORAL DEVELOPMENT Kohlberg s States of Moral Development 1 Pre conventional To age 9 Morality is judged on consequences Good behaviors are rewarded Bad behaviors are punished 2 Conventional early adolescence Morality is judged on laws and rules of society 3 Postconventional late adol adulthood morality is judged in terms of abstract values ethics rather than existing societal laws Certain personal rights transcend the law
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