UMass Amherst PSYCH 100 - MODULE 26: WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE

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Module 26 28 Intelligence MODULE 26 WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE Intelligence the capacity to understand the world think rationally and use resources effectively when faced with challenges Theories of Intelligence 03 18 2012 G factor single factor for mental ability assumption that there was a general global intellectual ability underlying performance on the various measures Fluid intelligence information processing capabilitys reasoning and memory ability to reason abstractly Crystallized intelligence accumulation of information skills and strategies through experience and that they can apply in problem solving situations Theory of multiple intelligences Gardner argues that we have a minimum of eight different forms of intelligence musical bodily kinesthetic logical mathematical linguistic spatial interpersonal intrapersonal and naturalist each of the multiple intelligences is linked to an independent system in the brain each person has each 8 in varying degrees Information processing intelligence the way that people store information and us it provides the most accurate measure of intelligence people who spend more time on the initial encoding do better Biological Basis of Intelligence Global workspace in the brain that organizes and coordinates Multiple areas of the brain and functioning are related to intelligent information behavior Practical and Emotional Intelligence Practical intelligence intelligence related to overall success in living able to learn general norms and principles and apply them appropriately employ general principles in solving everyday problems Sternberg Analytical intelligence abstract but traditional types of problems measured on IQ tests Creative intelligence generation of novel ideas and products Emotional intelligence set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment evaluation expression and regulation of emotions empathy of others self wareness and social skills ability to get along well with others Assessing Intelligence Binet s IQ tests typical Intelligence tests tests to quantify a person s level of intelligence o Mental age age for which a given level of performance is o Intelligence quotient mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100 o Normal 100 Contemporary IQ tests o Stanford Binet intelligence scale series of items that cary according to the age of the person being tested keeps increasing mental age until they can t solve it anymore o Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children measure verbal comprehension perceptual reasoning working memory and processing speed Reliability and Validity o Reliability measure consistently what they are trying to measure measure o Validity when it actually measures what it is supposed to o Norms standards of test performance that permit the comparison of one person s score on a test to the scores of others who have taken the same test Using a computer based test the computer adjusts the difficulty of questions to better pinpoint your intelligence Adaptive Testing MODULE 27 Variations in Intellectual Ability Mental Retardation Mental retardation a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in conceptual social and practical adaptive skills o Mild development is slower but can function independently o Severe unable to function independently and need care The roots of mental retardation o Fetal alcohol syndrome mother s use of alcohol while pregnant o Down syndrome born with 47 chromosomes instead of 46 o Birth complications temporary lack of oxygen o Familial retardation no biological defect exists but there is a history of retardation in the family Integrating individuals with mental retardation o Laws have been made to allow those with mental retardation the least restrictive environments to succeed Intellectually gifted 2 4 of the population have a IQ score greter than 130 Outgoing well adjusted healthy and popular people who are able to do most things better than the average person can The gifted may become bored and frustrated with the pace of their schooling and never reach their potential The Intellectually Gifted MODULE 28 Group Differences in Intelligence Genetic and Environmental Determinants Prior experience influence our performance on certain types of tests Culture fair IQ test one that does not discriminate against the members of any minority group Heritability a measure of the degree to which a characteristic can be attribute to genetic inheritance factors Hernstein and Murray Differences between races in IQ scores were caused by genetically based differences in intelligence Must analyze individuals not groups Flynn effect performance of average person on IQ test is increasing due to a more complex environment for individuals to excel 03 18 2012 03 18 2012


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UMass Amherst PSYCH 100 - MODULE 26: WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE

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