RTV3008 CHAPTER 14 TIMING AND PRINCIPAL MOTIONS timing control and manipu f objective time and structuring of subjective time objective time clock time subjective time not actual clock time the passage of time you feel Types of objective time 1 clock time precise amount of time exists whether in real life or on fictional tv 2 running time length of a program films have longer than tv shows feature length refers to a movie longer than 60 70 min all else are short films 3 sequence time how long several related scenes run when added together running time of a sequence subdivision of running time 4 scene time running time of a scene scene is a small part of an event that usually takes place in a single location within a single story time span 5 shot time running time of a shot subdivision of scene time shot smallest operational unit of a film r tv show time bw cuts defines the shot 6 story time objective time span of a screen event amt of clock time we are supposed to understand has passed during the screen event ex batman begins spans 15 yrs hangover over 24 hrs real time when the story time and running time are the same length ex in a live broadcast story time and running time are the same such as news or live sports 24 so innovative bc the premise is that the story takes place in real time Types of subjective time Pace and Rhythm pace perceive speed of the vent whether the screen event seems to drag or fly by can change from scene to scene and even within scenes ex lights out pacing can be manipulated by a number of things high or low density number of things happening in succession slow or accelerated motion slow mo doesnt affect pacing as much as fast time Pacing can be manipulated by Other aesthetic choices Music shot length amount of action on screen drama Editing the actual running time by shortening a shot a scene or sequence you generally pick up the pace this is why editing needs attention to detail Cutting at just the right moment makes huge diff in pacing and timing rhythm flow within and among segments determined by pace of individual shots sequences scenes more important in specific types of editing trailer music videos commericals Plot time obj and subj time concerning the story of sequence of events How long a screen event plot is supposed to take place based on block time and how long it feels like it s taking Character time the obj and subj time elements concerning the characters actions and feelings How long the character is supposed to be experiencing and the time he or she feel the duration actually is When these two aren t in sync the result can be a very effective intensification of the scene Principal motions and their functions 1 Primary motion event motion that occurs in front of the camera Prevalent motion in a scene Indicator of an objects dynamics event dependent the prevalent motion in a scene Camera should be positioned to beat capture the natural flow of the primary motion Zettl says should let the subjects do the moving rather than camera movement sometimes appropriate 2 secondary motion and functions Medium dependent motion is limited to the capabilities of the equipment Must be motivated There should always be a reason for moving the camera Reasons to move the camera To follow reveal action reveal a landscape and relate events induce action Secondary motion movements Zoom only lens pets are moving We perceive as camera movement Dolly similar to zoom Entire camera moves closer or farther from the subject similar a person walking Dollying to move the wheeled apparatus on which a movie or tv camera is mounted Tilt tilting the camera up or down on its pivot point Pedestal camera stays level but moves higher or lower on pedestal Pan camera turns from side to side Truck entire camera assembly moves to one side or the other Arc combo of truck and zoom 3 Tertiary motion sequence motion created by cutting and change of shots transitions between the shots should not draw attention to themselves Cut Instantaneous change from one image to another least obtrusive Jump cut occurs whena Ash sequent shot is not sufficiently diff in field or angle of view And the image seems to jump in position on the screen Can be very effective intensification device can provide elliptical editing options Dissolve gradual transition from shot to shot Images overlap Less abrupt good for sequence fluidity Ex 6 feet under opening sequence can cause confusion about the figure ground relationship Used to link separate spaces times set up a movie scene show altered mental state in a montage should be used sparingly we re more common in the past Fade gradual transition from image to black or white Fade out to black Fade in from black Fades separate scenes Will stop the pace of your median use them when indicating and end or beginning Wipe new image seems to push an old one off he screen Represented transition bw unrelated events switch in location and time Not used often Ex George Lucas and Star Wars Special transition effects digital video effects provide great number of transitions they re all referred to in the industry as wipes ex Page turns peels melts shatters blinds etc Should almost never be used cheesy amateur CHAPTER 15 SOUND Sounds and noise are both audible vibrations Boise is random Sound has purpose organized Same audible vi rations can be house at one time and sound at another time depending on context Sound often integral part of video tv and film Music sound effects and dialogue In film new development after film had been around for years film originally purely visual medium Vital to today s film messages 5 1 surround sound and dts have been developed so film sound can match films visual power In tv tv created with sound essential Tv is an audiovisual medium Silent tv is inconceivable from informational and aesthetic point of view 4 major factors of tv sound 1 Reflection of reality tv is mainly reality based medium shows draw on real events Not a medium for abstract or experimental video and sound All tV events happen within sound environment 2 Low def images size of tv is smaller picture resolution is low today tv and film are becoming more similar Sound helps give coherence and rhythmic structure to a picture sequence for audience to see a series of shits as a unified whole Zettl video vs film Tv builds stories inductively small shots and See the whole 3 Production restrictions and technical limitations tv and sound is usually recorded along with the pictures Few
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