RTV3001 STUDY GUIDE- FINAL EXAM Objective/Subjective Time- o Objective Time : what an accurate clock reports. It is measured by observable change. Way of measuring objective time: clocks, hourglass, seasons of the yearo Subjective time : Also known as psychological time, is “felt time”. Regardless of what a clock says, you may feel an activity or event as short or long. It is a personal experience and depends on how you feel and what you do. Clock time/Running time/Sequence time/Scene time/Shot time/Story timeo Clock time: Determines the precise “at” position in the objective time continuum. Indicates when an event happens. Example: the movie youwant to see begins at 7 and ends at 9:10 o Running time : Indicates the overall length of a program. Indicates a “from-to” position in the time continuum. For example: the film is 2 hours, 10 minutes long. o Sequence Time: Subdivision of running time. It shows the length of an event sequence, which consists of several scenes. Example: when you start your stopwatch and stop it at the end o Scene Time : Is the clock time duration of a scene. Shows the length of a scene. Subdivision of sequence time. o Shot Time : Is the length of one shot (the actual clock time duration of ashot). Subdivision Of scene time. o Story Time: Shows the objective time span of an event depicted by the screen event. For example: if the movie is about Picassos life, from his birth to his death, the story time spans 92 years although you only spend an hour watching it. Pace- The perceived speed of an event: whether the event seems to drag or move along quickly. Although pace belongs to subjective time, it is treated quantitatively. We speak of slow and fast pace. Tempo- the rate or speed of music or sound playing Rhythm- How well the scene or show flows. Indicates the acing of the individual shots and the scene in general and how well the parts relate to oneanother sequentially. Primary, secondary, tertiary motion (definition and different examples)o Primary : event motion in front of the camera. Example: to show traffic, you need to adjust the event traffic to fit the camera, especially if you desire a specific intensification effect. For example, you may want to have the actor speed up orslow down for the camera. Close ups always need a slow down of the speed with which we normally do things. o Secondary : Camera motion, including pan, tilt, pedestal, crane or boom, dolly, truck, arc and zoom. Example : you may create tension by not showing an accident scene right away but by first showing the horrified face of an onlooker and then, rather than cutting to it, doing a slow pan that traces her index vector to the accident. Another example would be when trying to follow a football player with the camera,you need to pan to keep him in the shot. o Tertiary : Sequence motion- the editing rhythm (beat) induced by regular shot changes. Example: cutting between converging vectors, such as two football players from opposing sides, this can create high intensity. o Primary motion: event motion. Always occurs in front of the camera, such as the movements of performers, cars, or a cat escaping a dog. o Secondary motion: camera motion, such as pan, tilt, pedestal, boom, dolly, truck, or arc. Secondary motion includes the zoon, although only the lens elements, rather than the camera itself, move; aesthetically, we nevertheless perceive the zoom as camera induced motion. o Tertiary motion: is sequence motion. This is the movement and the rhthym induced by shot changes- by using a cut, fade, dissolve, wipe, or other transition device to switch from shot to shot. All three types ofmotion are important factors in structuring the four dimensional field. Cuts, jump cuts, dissolves, wipes, fadeso Cut : An instantaneous change from one image to another. It occupies neither screen time nor space and it is invisible. Is the simplest and less obtrusive way of manipulating screen space, screen time, and event density. Jump Cut: when an object jumps from one screen corner to the opposite one during a cut. It is a powerful intensification device. o Dissolve : A gradual transmission from shot to shot in which the two images temporarily overlap. It occupies its own screen space and time.Can be long or short, depending on the time that the images from the preceding and following shots overlap. Superimposition is a dissolve stopped midway.o Wipe : The new image seems to push the old one off the screen, although it merely moves aside to reveal the new shot. Signals a transition between unrelated events- a switch in location or time. Very few are done on large screen motion pictures, except for comic effects,because the wipe itself can take on a life of its own. o Fade : The picture either goes gradually to black (fade out) or appears gradually on the screen from black (fade in), signifying, much like a theater curtain, a definite beginning or end of a sequence. The fade is not a true transition device. Digital video effects- also known as DVE. Visual effects created by a computeror other digital effects video equipment. Sound- purposeful audible vibrations of the air. Sound & noise (similarities & differences)o Sound : Purposeful audible vibrations (oscillations) of the air. o Noise : Random audible vibrations of the air (“sounds” without communication purpose). Television sound (four factors)- television is an audiovisual medium. TV was created with sound, and has never been separate from it. Sound is as essential to television as pictures. There are four factors:o Reflection of Reality : Television is based on real events. If, for example,you see a long and barren hallway, all you need to make it into a hospital corridor is the typical loudspeaker sound calling for the doctor.No further props are necessary. o Low definition image : Standard video pictures are of necessary low definition. Audio must match.o Production restrictions and technical limitations : Relatively few routine shows go through a postproduction luxury. The pickup of sound is simultaneous with video. In such studio produced programs as daytimeserials and situation comedies, the mics are suspended form large booms and kept well above the heads of the actors to prevent the micsfrom showing up in the scene. Consequently, the audio pickup is restricted, even if you use high quality microphones. o
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