RTV3001 Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 14 Objective time the time measured by the clock Distinguished among 6 types clock time a precise moment in time running time length of the program sequence time how long several related scenes run when added together shot time length of a shot story time the objective time span of an event as depicted by the screen event Subjective time the passage of time the viewer feels Types pace the perceived speed of an event rhythm the flow in event segments the beat tempo rate the perceived speed of the overall event plot time the objective and subjective time concerning the sequence of events character time the objective and subjective time concerning the character s actions feelings combining these two can make the scene more intense Principle motions primary motion the event motion o performers cars any motion o event dependent o indicator of principles dynamics tertiary motion sequence motion o cut instantaneous change from one image to another continues action sequence revel event info o jump cut when subsequent image is in a different position image seems to jump on the screen o dissolve gradual transition from shot to shot helps continuity o fade a gradual transition to from black fade in fade out o wipe a new image seems to push the old one off the screen a switch in location or time o digital video effects DVE provide a great number of transitions freeze shrink tumble sketch flip o sequence motion o see progression of visual development secondary motion the camera motion o zoom dolly tilt pedestal pan truck arc truck zoom o medium dependent limited to the capability of equipment o must be motivated there needs to be a reason to move the camera o follows the action keeps object in the shot o reveals action landscape and events swishpan a quick camera motion from one subject to another Chapter 15 Sound Noise both audible vibrations noise becomes sound when o message is transmitted b c of it o connected to a visual image Sound Noise o has purpose o is organized o is random Television Film Sound television is an audiovisual medium 4 major factors Reflection of reality TV shows draw on real events or on fictional events that reflect some aspect of reality no matter how distorted Low definition image the size of the standard TV is small so the picture resolution is low and the contrast ratio is restricted Product restrictions and technical limitations o Sound is usually picked up with the pictures and few routine shows have the ability to sound sweeten o Sound sources must be covered with microphones must use suspended booms to keep them out of picture this makes audio pickup restricted o Sound reproductive systems in most TVs are limited Audio video balance picture and sound should be balanced in quality Film sound A visual medium Requires excellent sound Literal Nonliteral Sounds Literal sounds diegetic always refers to its originating source Source connected source on screen Source disconnected source off screen Nonliteral sounds include background music sounds that might influence our feelings Ambient sounds the environmental sounds in the scene ex Traffic combined communicates the scene and how to feel about it Functions of Sound Information function to communicate specific info verbally through o dialogue two or more performers speaking to each other o direct address the performer speaks directly to the audience o narration describes an event brings continuity to a screen event Outer orientation function orientation in space and time o space sounds can reveal and define location of event and off screen space o environment sounds revealing spatial characteristics of environment ex Muffled sounds in a confined phone booth o off screen space sounds that are not being shown to add impact ex Two people talking on a crowded street hear beeps from cars and talking in the background of their conversation o time ex An alarm clock morning crickets chirping night winter sounds are more subdued predicted sound using non literal sounds to forecast a upcoming event leitmotiv German for leading motif a musical phrase that precedes or accompanies the arrival of a particular character ex Cartoons o situation described by sounds literal sounds extend visual field o external condition sound indicating whether something is big or small smooth or rough high or low old or new fast or slow Inner orientation function o mood effecting emotions directly music is easiest way o internal condition reflected by sounds ex Disorientation fear joy accompanied with visual clue o energy influenced by music and non literal sounds cartoons relying on sound effects o structure rhythm how well a scene or show flows o indicates the pacing of shots and scene and how they relate to each other o sound and picture rhythms parallel each other irregular picture structure a dominant audio beat makes the video rhythm seem structured perfect structure when picture and sound proportions match figure ground principle the important sounds go with the figure while regulating other sounds as the background ex Close up of a couple at a busy downtown corner o aesthetic factors continuity in lighting and color sound perspective a close up picture a close up sound long shot farther away sound o presence the sound quality that makes you feel as if you were close to the sound source sound continuity the sound maintains its intended quality and volume over a series of edits requires consistent background color the aesthetic fields are independent Video clips March of the penguin s narration by Morgan Freeman Office direct address person dialogue adding inter personal element Friday the 13th predictive sound Jason Chapter 16 Music Vectors Music used to enhance what is happening onscreen can be translated into vectors as vectors go up and down melody goes up and down vertical vectors many notes are stacked on top of each other the chords are dense Five elements of sound pitch the highness lowness of a sound o measure by frequency timbre describes the tone quality color o depends on the amount and combination of overtones frequencies with which a sound source vibrates in addition to its primary frequency rich sounds many overtones hollow sounds few or no overtones have higher pitch duration the length of a sound loudness dynamics the strength of a tone as we perceive it the amplitude of a sound wave attack how quickly a sound reaches its loudest point o fast attack the sound vector achieves it max
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