Final Exam Study Guide Terms you should make sure that you know are familiar with this list is NOT exhaustive Chapter 14 1 Clock time determines the precise at position in the objective time continuum 2 Running time objective time measure indicates the overall length of a video program film and it indicates the from to span in the time continuum 3 Sequence time is a subdivision of running time it shows the length of an event sequence which consists of several scenes 4 Scene time the clock time duration of a scene it is a subdivision of sequence time 5 Shot time measures the actual clock time duration of one shot as a subdivision of scene time shot time represents the shortest usable objective timing in a television program film 6 Story time shows the objective time span of an event as depicted by the screen event independent of running time it moves from a specific calendar date to another or from one clock time to another 7 Cuts an instantaneous change from one image to another 8 Jump cuts when an object jumps from one screen corner to the opposite one during a cut it can also mean an illogical or otherwise jarring sequence b w two shots 9 Dissolves is a gradual transition from shot to shot in which the two images temporarily overlap in contrast to the cut which itself is invisible the dissolve occupies its own screen space and time 10 Wipes the new image seems to push the old one off the screen although technically it merely moves aside to reveal the new shot 11 Fades the picture either goes gradually to black fade out or appears gradually on the screen from black fade in signifying much like a theater curtain a definite beginning or end of a sequence 12 Digital video effects visual effects created by a computer or other digital video effect equipment provides a great number of transitional choices flash freeze shrink tumble stretch flip or glow 13 Objective Subjective Time Objective Time clock time the time measure by the clock quantitative measure of time intervals in which observable change occurs Subjective Time psychological time the duration we feel a qualitative measure 14 Pace subjective time refers to the perceived speed of an event that is whether the event seems to drag or to move along quickly it is treated quantitatively we speak of slow and fast pace 15 Tempo Rate perceived duration of the individual event sections subdivisions of pace 16 Rhythm subjective time refers to the flow within and among event segments shots scenes and sequences and to a recognizable time structure a beat 17 Primary secondary tertiary motion definition and different examples Primary motion event motion it always occurs in front of the camera such as the movements of performers cars or a cat escaping a dog event dependent principle indicator of an object s dynamics Secondary motion camera motion such as the pan tilt pedestal boom dolly truck or zoom medium dependent motion is limited to the capabilities of the equipment Tertiary motion sequence motion through the change of shots we see a progression or a visual development created by shot changes by using a cut dissolve fade wipe or any other transition device to switch from shot to shot Chapter 15 1 Aesthetic factors sound perspective sound continuity Sound perspective match close up pictures with close sounds make sure that sounds coming from subjects objects in a close up are loud and clear 1 o The term for this is presence the sound quality that makes you feel as if you were close to the sound source Sound continuity the sound maintains its intended volume and quality over a series of edits o Voices of people in one continuous conversation should not change either in volume presence during the cutting sequence as long as they stay in their positions keeping background sounds consistent is a good way to maintain continuity even if your foreground sounds do change in volume and presence Picture and sound should be balanced in quality A high quality audio signal should not be paired with a low quality picture b c the high energy sound will overpower the low definition picture Now that HDTV has improved the picture quality of TV the sound quality must be better as well 2 Audio video balance 3 Diegesis Nonliteral non diegetic Diegesis telling a story o Literal or diegetic sounds are referential speech and environmental sounds even sound effects They are sounds that we would expect to hear if we were in whatever situation we are watching Source connected sounds sounds that come from an on screen event Source disconnected sounds come from off screen o Nonliteral or nondiegetic sounds include most background music and other sounds that might influence our feelings in some way They do not refer to a particular sound source or convey literal meaning Music is the most frequent form also called ambient sounds outside the space 4 Film sound primarily a visual medium it means that films can be made w out sound this was proven in film s early days when sound technology did not exist in the modern filmmaking industry sound is given as much attention in production and post production of films as visuals 5 Functions of sound information function direct address narration Information function to communicate specific information verbally through dialogue direct address or narration o Dialogue is television s main way of conveying information Direct address the performer speaks directly to the audience from his her screen position o Makes the audience active dialogue partners even if the dialogue is one sided personal dialogue adds inter personal element suitable for TV and not films Narration describes an event or bridges various gaps in the continuity of a screen event o Film is more likely to use written information to indicate changes in time or locale rather than a narrator but sometimes narration is used can be on or off camera spoke word more efficient 6 Inner orientation function mood internal condition energy structure Mood music is one of the most obvious and direct ways of establishing mood it seems to affect our emotions direct Internal condition sounds can reflect internal conditions such as disorientation fear or joy these sounds are usually accomplished by some sort of visual clue such as a tilt of the horizon line a fearful expression a happy smile etc Energy music and other nonliteral sounds can provide or add to a scene s aesthetic energy o Cartoons rely heavily on sound effects as an energy source music can indicate internal Structure
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