RTV3001 Final Chapter 14 time Timing the control and manipulation of objective time and the structuring of subjective o Controlling objective time comprises all clock time events of and within a show such as how long film or video production runs how long scenes are and time span o Structuring of subjective time involves influencing the duration the viewer feels o Objective and subjective time manipulation overlap o May have to juggle objective time to speed up the plot but lengthen subjective time to describe the character s confused state of mind To make timing useful in structuring the 4 D field you need to consider 6 types of objective time clock time running time sequence time scene time shot time and story time Clock time determines the precise at position in the objective time continuum o When an event happens Running time indicates the overall length of a program o TV programs have a shorter running time than motion pictures Watching TV is perceptually more demanding Small screen of the TV inductive visual approach psychological closure require more attention Video is more fragmented Shorter programs are that they allow a greater program variety during a broadcast day and with it more commercial advertising than with fewer but longer programs Sequence sum of several scenes that compose an organic whole Each sequence has a Sequence time when you start your stopwatch at the beginning of the sequence and beginning and end start it at the end o Clock time duration of a sequence the running time Scene clearly identifiable organic part of an event Defined by action that plays in a single location within a single time span Scene time clock duration of a scene Subdivision of sequence time Shot smallest convenient operational unit in video and film Interval between 2 transitions o Press record button to pressing stop or from cut to cut Shot time measures the actual clock time duration of a shot Subdivision of scene time The shortest usable objective timing in a TV program or film Story time shows the objective time span of an event as depicted by the screen event o Independent of running time o Can synchronize running time and story time and depict a one hour period in someone s life in exactly one hour Televise a nonfictional event live or make a live recording running time is synchronous and therefore identical Dependent of each other Macy s Day Parade Subjective time categorized into pace tempo rate and rhythm Pace perceived speed of the overall event Seems to drag on or move quickly o Scenes with action high density event Slow paced event moves less rapidly in story development dialogue action o Can control pace by manipulating the horizontal time vector making an event shorter or longer or increasing its density o Slow and accelerated motion govern pace Slow motion as a close up in time seems to interrupt pace temporarily rather than slow it down Accelerated motion lurches through time giving pace a temporary push Pace does not remove us from an awareness of time it regulates our perception Tempo and rate perceived duration of the individual event sections Rhythm flow within and among event segments and to a recognizable beat o Determined by the pace of the individual segments and how they relate to one another sequences of events o Overall rhythm is determined by the transitions between shots scenes and Plot time consists of the objective and subjective time concerning the story or sequence Character time consists of objective and subjective time elements concerning the character s actions and feelings o Fast plot time vs slow character time the plot time is quite fast and hectic and establishes the foundation beat The subjective character time is independent and much slower o Slow plot time vs fast character time the slow plot time counterpoints the subjective character time which is fast and hectic 3 Principal Motions primary motion secondary motion tertiary motion Primary motion event motion Always occurs in front of the camera such as movements of performers cars o Called primary because it s the principal indicator of an object s dynamics whether the object is in motion or at rest Event dependent Function is always judged from the camera s point of view o When creating object motion through animation or computer generated sequences the motion seems to belong more to the medium motion seems to superimpose itself on the object rather than spring from it Secondary motion camera motion such as pan tilt It includes the zoom o Medium dependent camera motion is independent of event motion o Problem w unmotivated secondary motion is that it draws attention to itself and away from the event Instead of contributing to the clarification and intensification of the event it muddles its depiction o Functions follow action reveal action reveal landscape relate events induce o To follow action one of the most natural and least obtrusive uses of secondary motion Ex Trying to follow a football player you need to pan to keep him in the shot o To reveal action Dramatic use of secondary motion Emphasize an event in detail Ex create tension in the viewer by not showing the accident scene right away but by first showing the horrified faces of an onlooker o To reveal landscape Show dramatically Ex pan along a stopped traffic to show how long the line of waiting cars is tilt up along a skyscraper to show height o To relate events establish a connection between something unrelated Connect 2 action events o To induce action want to simulate object motion by moving the camera or zooming on a still picture Induces a motion vector o Zooming A zoom looks similar to the dolly When doing a fast zoom in and zoom out the object seems to hurtle along the z axis toward the screen or towards the background Fast zooms create induced motion vectors of high magnitude Make us perceive object motion even if we know that the object is stationary Dollying we seem to move with the camera into the scene Because of the moving camera we experience a continuous changing perspective of the space modulators Zoom verses Dolly A zoom in brings the event toward the viewer a zoom out moves the event away from the viewer A dolly in takes the viewer to the event a dolly out leads the viewer away from it Tertiary motion sequence motion This is the movement and the rhythm induced by shot changes by using cut jump dissolve fade wipe or any other transitional device to switch from shot to shot o Moment of change is the most
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