RTV3001 Exam 2 Study Guide Chapter 8 Interplay of Screen Forces Types of Screen Forces Structuring the 2 D field making the following forces work to show events Stabilizing the Field The field can be stabilized through distribution of with clarity impact Main directions Magnetism of the frame Asymmetry of the frame Figure and Ground Psychological Closure Vectors Stages of Balance Graphic Mass Graphic Weight Vectors Object Framing Unusual Compositions Multiple Screens Dividing the Screen Distribution of Graphic Mass Graphic Weight Defining each Graphic mass Graphic weight Color shape orientation location dimension on screen description of the thing the thing Magnetic Force Screen center most stable position for any object The surrounding areas magnetic forces are evenly distributed Generally used in news talk programs etc But not used in fiction Off center Graphic weight magnetism of frame come into play as soon as you move any object out of the center of the frame Counterweighing The shot or picture may begin to look unbalanced corrects imbalance Several ways to do it Center your object through the camera or object movement Counterweigh the object with another object Or counterweigh with a graphic element with similar graphic weight Frames need to balanced in news ads talk shows Distribution of Vectors RTV3001 Exam 2 Study Guide Nose room in the shot index vector Lead room Space between nose and edge of the screen Motion vectors without adequate lead room leave a blank environment motion vector Create psychological discomfort a tense uncomfortable feeling in the Converging Vectors two index vectors coming together to balance each other without a subject audience out Graphic vectors weak lines can be used for stabilization Stages of Balance Balance does not always mean maximum stability Static balance Balance can be achieved through camera movement composition A symmetrical structuring of visual elements Graphic mass magnetism vectors are the same on both sides of the solid stable not going to move screen Used in news advertising Dynamic Balance Graphic elements are asymmetrically distributed Golden Section Still pleasing to the eye Used for fictional TV films division of screen in 2 unequal parts by a real or imaginary line valuable when framing static shots Fibonacci sequence golden ratio pi Found in nature Rule of Thirds Visual artists avoid centering objects Divide shot into 3 Used frequently in film TV video Distributions of graphic weight frame magnetism and vectors are Labile Balance pushed to the limits extreme Viewers sense that even the slightest change in distribution would lose stability Instability makes the energy graphic tension very high Techniques to achieve labile balance Overload one side of the screen with graphic weight Provide vectors with insufficient space to play out Make high energy vectors converge Tilt the horizon land Object Framing Facilitating Closure Arrange your visual content so that the viewer can organize it into RTV3001 Exam 2 Study Guide recognizable patterns Premature Closure Improper framing leads to premature closure Occurs when the upper or lower screen edge coincides with natural dividing lines Natural Dividing Lines Frame people so that the following lines fall either inside or outside the upper and lower screen edges Eyes tip of nose mouth chin neck shoulders bust elbows waist hemline knees ankles Partial On Screen Placement When the viewer doesn t see every part of an object in a shot because of the way it is framed it requires the viewer s mind to fill in what they can t see psychological closure Dexter intro Illogical Closure Tendency to create patterns even when not ideal Make complete images from parts that don t go together Using the Screen Screen within the screen When using multiple frames within the screen must be aware of the aesthetic principles of each screen Secondary frame i e news graphic over the shoulder a smaller frame inside the primary must balance Z axis split screen 2 screens where both subjects are looking at the camera implies conversation Used when in different locations for live news Need to have similar lighting framing etc Index motion vectors matter when dealing with multiple frames Graphic Blocks In news production graphic blocks are inserted in the frame to provide up to the minute information breaking news etc speaker s name title the text on the bottom part of the screen that identify the Lower thirds Unusual Compositions Breaking the rules may be necessary to startle the viewers or to direct their attention towards something peculiar Can sharpen the message in a subtle compelling way Unbalance the shot to draw attention to a particular weighty element Place objects slightly off screen forcing the audience to use psychological closure Place objects way off center allowing magnetism of frame to act on them RTV3001 Exam 2 Study Guide Chapter 9 Depth Volume Z axis Z axis depth of the screen Imaginary line that extends from the front of the camera lens to the horizon Most flexible of the screen dimensions Monocular Graphic Depth Factors 5 factors that contribute to creating the illusion of depth one object in front overlaps another object in the background called occlusion which creates the illusion of depth overlapping planes relative size perceived distance height in the plane knowledge of the object s size if the camera is shooting parallel to the ground an object will appear more distant the higher it moves up the field until it reaches the horizon line not reliable mobility of the camera causes the horizon line to shift linear perspective The vanishing point for an object is eye or camera level to the horizon Parallel vertical horizontal lines become more crowded as the move all objects look progressively smaller the farther away they are toward the vanishing point Crowding affect can be used to simulate depth I Robot Forced perspective artificial distance makes objects appear smaller through their placement on the z axis image has more contrast saturation in foreground less contrast saturation in background Warm colors advance cool colors recede Scenery background blues and is less sharp than foreground objects The more the brightness of an object matches the brightness of the background the farther from the camera it appears aerial perspective Depth Characteristics of Lenses Focal length Affects overlapping planes relative size linear aerial perspective Zoom vs prime lenses Wide angle vs telephoto
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