Final Exam Study Guide RTV3001 Chapter 14 1 Objective Subjective Time Objective time time that is measured by the clock o Quantitative measure of time intervals in which observable changes occur o Day night cycles are objective time o Aka Clock time Subjective time the duration that we actually feel o Qualitative measure o Perceived duration as short or long seems longer o Aka Psychological time a Regardless of clock you may experience an activity event b More involved event seems shorter Less involved event 2 Clock time Running time Sequence time Scene time Shot time Story time Clock time determines the precise at position in the objective time continuum o When an event happens Running time indicates the overall length of a program o TV programs have a shorter running time than motion pictures a Watching TV is more perceptually demanding than b Small screen requires more attention and more watching a film psychological closure Sequence time the clock time duration of a sequence o Sequence the sum of several scenes that produce an organic whole o Aka Running time of a sequence Scene time clock time duration of a scene o Scene clearly identifiable organic part of an event that is defined by action that plays in a single location within a single story time span o Subdivision of sequence time Shot time the clock time duration of a shot o Shot smallest operational unit in video or film that is an interval between two transitions o Subdivision of scene time Story time spans the period of a story told in a video program or motion picture o Shows the period of the screen event 3 Pace Tempo rate rhythm o Moves from one calendar date to another or from one clock time in the story to the other o Can be independent or dependent on running time Pace the perceived speed of an event Measures whether the event drags or moves along too quickly o Belongs to subjective time but is measured quantitatively a Can be influenced by manipulating objective elements like running time and event density o High paced or slow paced a High pace many things happen one after the other with fast dialogue and rapid action b Slow pace less rapid story development dialogue and action push o Slow accelerated motion are tools to govern pace a Slow motion interrupts pace temporarily b Accelerated motion lurch through time and gives pace a o Pace does not remove us from awareness of time o Pace regulates our perception to the flow of time fast slow or irregular Tempo and Rate perceived duration of the individual event sections o Subdivisions of pace Rhythm How well a scene or shot flows o Indicates the pacing of the individual shots scene and how well the parts relate to one another sequentially o Rhythm is influenced by a Transitions between shots scenes and sequences b The beat created by the shot or scene times c By the beat of the music put to the scene o Straight cuts would probably be used in a car chase scene while dissolves may be appropriate for a funeral o Special effects wipes should be used with caution 4 Primary secondary tertiary motion definition and different examples Primary motion event motion that occurs in front of the camera Can be performers vehicles and any action at all o Primary motion functions a Principle indicator of an object s dynamics b Event dependent c The prevalent motion in a scene d Capture the natural flow of the action with the camera rather than forcing the action to fit camera position Secondary motion camera motion such as pan tilt pedestal boom dolly truck arc and zoom o Medium dependent motion is limited to the capabilities of the equipment o Must be motivated there should always be a reason for moving the camera or it will call attention to itself and away from your scene o Functions of Secondary motion a To follow action keep performers in the shot b Reveal action gradually or all at once or reveal something to come that will surprise a character c Reveal landscape height of a building discovered slowly pan along a long line of stopped traffic to show gridlock d Relate events motion can be used to link two subjects or e events Induce action simulate object motion by camera movement not extremely effective good for stills a Zoom only lens parts are moving but we perceive this as o Secondary motions camera motion i ii i ii Zooming in event comes towards you Zooming out event moves away from you b Dolly similar to zoom but the entire camera moves closer to or farther away from the subject Dolly in moving with camera towards event Dolly out moving with camera away from event c Tilt tilting the camera up or down on its pivot point d Pedestal the camera stays level but it moves higher or lowers on its pedestal e Pan the camera turns from side to side f Truck the entire camera assembly moves to one side or the other g Arc a combination truck and zoom o Tertiary Motion sequence motion o Tertiary Motion and Functions a Through the change of shots we see a progression or a visual development b Transitions between shots are important elements of a show that should not draw attention to them o Tertiary Principle Motions a Cut instantaneous change from one image to another i ii Least obtrusive Used to continue action to establish a sequence of objects or events to change viewpoint or locale and to reveal event detail b Jump Cut occurs when a subsequent shot is not sufficiently different in field or angle of view and the image seems to jump in position on the screen i ii If a jump cut cannot be avoided a soft cut very quick dissolve could be used Jump cuts can be a very effective intensification device e g certain MTV shows c Dissolve gradual transition from shot to shot i ii iii iv v vi vii The two images temporarily overlap Can be long or short Great for sequence fluidity Less abrupt than a cut Aids continuity Good time indicator Can cause confusion about the figure ground relationship d Wipe a new image seems to push an old one off the screen but merely moves aside to reveal the new shot Usually represents a transition between unrelated events a switch in location or time Few wipes are used in large screen motion pictures Can be conspicuous e Fade a gradual transition to black fade out or from black fade in f Special Transition Effects Signifies a definite beginning or ending to a sequence Fades will stop the pace of your show so use them only when indicating and ending and or a beginning Digital Video effects DVE provide a great number of transitions They are all referred to in the
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