RTV3001 exam 2 study guide note this symbol is just a weird bullet point you should be able to follow all hyperlinks on this doc Chapter 8 Interplay of Screen Forces Preface Composition of pictorial elements is key to a great video Hard to achieve when objects continually move You must think in terms of structuring a dynamic visual field of on screen space Think about elements that move continuity in all your shots think about SEQUENCE Six major types Main directions Magnetism of the frame Asymmetry of the frame Figure and ground Psychological closure Vectors Structuring the 2 D field means making these forces work for you to show events with clarity and impact Distribution of graphic mass and magnetic force The field can be stabilized by balancing the forces of graphic mass and magnetism of the frame Graphic objects carry graphic weight determined by dimension of the object how much screen space it takes up its basic shape its orientation its location within the screen and its color See graphics from page 129 2 circles 1 big and dark on the right 1 light and small on the left larger dark circle has heavier graphic mass on the right so it outweighs the smaller circle on the left 2 circles one big one small on side of screen mass attracts mass so the circles combine into a single greater mass which then has greater graphic weight When object is off center graphic weight increases and magnetism of frame comes into play shot pic may look unbalanced FACTOR Dimension Shape Orientation Location Color HEAVY large Simple geometrically compact vertical Corner upper frame right Warm hue strong saturation dark brightness LIGHT small Irregular diffused horizontal Centered lower frame left Cold hue weak saturation light brightness counterweighting can achieve balance by adding another object of similar graphic weight attraction of mass also operates here if still unclear check pg 130 Screen center max stability magnetic forces are even most sensible position for newscaster off center balance with box tradition box insert necessitates the off center positioning of newscaster pg 140 for pic If new element box has sufficient graphic weight shot will remain balanced distribution of vectors Noseroom and leadroom Once a shot of a person is properly composed if he she turns camera left and assumes a 4 3 profile you should pan left slightly to provide leadroom in the shot This leading the talent creates an aesthetic space just ahead of the talent s face so this leadroom in shots featuring human subjects is sometimes called noseroom Leadroom is important because viewers become aesthetically uncomfortable when it seems a subject is running out of space within the frame From Fundamentals of Television Production Donald You must give the vector enough space to run its course off screen Noseroom is used for index non moving vectors and leadroom is used for motion vectors You don t want your vectors to crash into the edge of the screen unless your trying to create an extremely tense or uncomfortable feeling in your audience Two index vectors coming together balance each other out Graphic vectors Although weak the lines of graphic vectors can be used for stabilization Converging vectors Two index vectors coming together balance each other out Index vectors LABILE look at picture 8 12 on pg 131 high magnitude index vectors establish new relationship the 2 discs with noses are strongly connected through converging index vectors converging index vectors of equal magnitude balance out putting left disc in isolation opposite of pic 8 11 where upper right disc is isolated The increasing magnitude of index vectors of somebody s turning from a straight on z axis shot to a profile shot has similar structural consequences stages of balance Balance does not always mean maximum stability in other words you don t always have to have everything in perfect symmetrical stability in order to achieve a certain balance There are three types of balance 1 Stabile aka static unlikely to change A symmetrical structuring of visual elements Graphic mass magnetism and vectors are the same on both sides of the screen http www youtube com watch v AUBJf6pCwK4 at 0 23 2 Neutral some tension present 3 Labile unstable and about to become unbalanced Distributions of graphic weight frame magnetism vectors are pushed to their limit The instability makes energy and graphic tension very high techniques to achieve labile balance Overload one side of the screen with graphic weight Provide vectors with insufficient space to play out Constantly make high energy vectors converge Tilt the horizontal line the easiest way to achieve tension We perceive labile balance as high energy we almost physically want to keep the objects from slipping out of frame Dynamic labile Balance Graphic elements are asymmetrically distributed Neutral balance can be created by using the dimensions of the golden section or golden mean divine proportion 3x5 units or 0 616 1 lines can be only vertical horizontal or both the even sections do NOT necessarily have to be in thirds to be golden that is rule of 3rds http www youtube com watch v YI8EOZk3W 8 Golden section comes from Renaissance art it is a way to divide the artistic space into a small section and a large section A horizontal dimension is divided in two unequal parts by a real or imaginary dividing line Even though the parts are unequal objects arranged according to the golden section will be in balance Hard to use with moving images but valuable when framing static shots Rule of Thirds The rule of thirds an application of the Golden ratio is a guideline commonly followed by visual artists The objective is to keep the subject s and areas of interest such as the horizon out of the center of the image by placing them near one of the lines that would divide the image into three equal columns and rows ideally near the intersection of those lines object framing When you frame your shots your viewer will not be able to see every part of whatever object you use This requires the viewer s mind to fill in what they can t see using psychological closure Facilitating closure Arrange your visual content so that the viewer can organize it into recognizable patterns Graphic cues Using dominant graphic vectors may help give the viewer some orientation in complex shots Natural dividing lines People and objects must be framed so that the viewer does not have trouble filling in missing information Premature closure occurs when the
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