RTV Final Chapter 13 Motion when something changes its position compared to its stable Motion environment Film frame Film Motion basic structural unit of film Plays back frames at a high speed Persistence of vision First illusion was by Edward Muybridge the horse stays in our retinas for 1 25 of a second seeing separate objects moving Phi phenomenon our perception of continuous movement when actually theory that when we look at an image an afterimage Video Motion Created by constantly moving election beams that scan dots on TV screens odd lines of a frame are scanned then even lines are scanned Scanning can either be progressive or interlaced Interlaced Seen as 1 image reduces flicker uses less bandwidth Progressive Sharper better motion each line is scanned one at a time from top to bottom Frames of Reference Judges the direction of vector relative speed when you see motion Establishes a figure ground relationship Edges of the screen are the most basic frame of reference Ground is made up of stable objects as compared to the less stable moving figure Figure ground reversal How car scenes were filmed in early cinemas what is moving you or the car next to you Refers to how fast slow we sense something to move on screen Perceived Speed Includes 1 Object speed how fast the object was actually traveling when recorded 2 Blocking camera placement in relation to the event moving object 3 Focal length of the lens specific zoom position motion on the x axis seems slower z axis is faster in wide angle telephoto motion on x axis is fast z axis is slow when the field of view is larger space to pass is greater moving objects look more dynamic when shot from below shoot an object form above zoom out to reduce speed of the moving object Slow and Accelerated Motion Effective devices for structuring objective subjective time Accelerated motion close up in time prolong duration high frame density Slow motion Affects perception of gravity low frame density erratic comedic Frame density sampling rate of motion how many frames per second can rush us through time speed up the resent 1 RTV Final Less frames faster More frames taken slower object appears to move Freeze frame Absence of frame movement ex Rocky III picks a specific position and repeats for duration of the freeze Synthetic Motion Each frame must be created digitally animation Modern technology makes it look real Chapter 14 Timing Principle Motions the control manipulation of objective time Objective Time Timing Objective time in media Structuring of subjective time Excluding commercials Running time of sequences scenes time that the viewer feels Subjective time Types of Objective Time total running time of the entire film show not actual clock time that the show takes but the passage of Real time Clock time story time amount of clock time we are supposed to understand has passed a precise amount of measured time Exists in both real life fictional TV during the screen event Batman spans 15 years Hangover takes place over 24 hours when the story time running time are equal in length Live broadcasts the show 24 Films usually longer than TV length of a program feature length movie longer than 60 70min under short film how long several related scenes run when added Running time sequence time together running time of a sequence scene time running time of a scene subdivision of sequence time scene single location within a single story time span small part of an event that usually takes place in a running time of a shot subdivision of scene shot time time shot in a film TV show time between cuts smallest operational unit Types of Subjective Time 2 RTV Final Pace Pacing can be manipulated by perceived speed of the event screen event either drags on or flies by High low density of things happening in succession Slow accelerated motion slow motion doesn t affect pacing but fast motion pushes the pace Aesthetic choices music shot length amount of action on screen drama Pace can change from scene to scene Editing running time to shorten thoughts can pick up the pace Rhythm the flow within among segments sometimes flow has a beat to it Determined by the pace of individual shots scenes sequences in combination with each other Rhythm is more important in certain types of editing Trailer editing music videos commercials experimental films Plot and Character Time Plot time objective subjective time concerning the story sequence of events How long a screen event plot is supposed to take place is based on clock time How long it feels like it is taking Character time objective subjective time elements concerning the character s actions feelings How long the character is supposed to be experiencing a feeling When character and plot time aren t in sync the result can effectively intensify a scene Difference in time for character compared to the rest of the scene Principle Motion and Their Functions Primary motion Performers vehicles all action Principle indicator of an object s dynamics event motion that occurs in front of the camera prevalent motion in a scene Event dependent Camera position to best capture the natural flow of primary motion Secondary motion Don t force the action to fit the camera position let subjects do the moving rather than camera movement Zettl Medium dependent motion is limited to the capabilities of the equipment camera motions pan tilt pedestal boom dolly zoom Should always be a reason for moving the camera Or else it ll call attention to itself and away from the scene Reasons to move the camera to follow action reveal action landscape events Swish whip pan Zoom Dolly quick motion from one subject event to another only lens parts are moving perceived as camera motion entire camera moves closer farther Less distracting than zoom approximates human movement moving the camera up down on its pivot point camera stays level but moves higher lower camera turns side to side entire camera assembly moves to one side or the other Tilt Pedestal Pan Truck 3 RTV Final Arc combination of truck zoom Tertiary motion sequence of motion created by shot changes or transitions Progression of a visual development through the change in shots Transitions are important elements of a show shouldn t draw attention Cut instantaneous change from one image to another default transition Least obtrusive continues action establish a sequence of events Jump cut occurs when a subsequent shot is not sufficiently different in field angle of view Used to link separate
View Full Document
Unlocking...