RTV 3001Final Exam ReviewChapter 10Basic Z-axis structure – Volume duality, z-axis articulation and z- axis blockingZ-axis - A 3-dimentional field Foreground:- Closest to the camera- The depth plane closest to the camera, making the beginning of the z-axis. Middleground:- Middle- The depth plane marking the approximate middle of the Z-axis Background:- Farthest from the camera- The depth plane farthest from the camera, marking the end of the Z-axis. Z-axis Structure: 3 Factors to consider when structuring 3-D field: Volume Duality:o The interplay between positive and negative volumes. Z-axis articulation: o To place positive volumes along the Z-axis to help the camera distinguish among the depth planes. o Used to make viewer perceive restricted or open space (with wide-angle, normal, or narrow-angle zoom lense positions): objects crowded or far apart Z-axis blocking: o Refers to placing people and their movements primarily along the Z-axis – Toward & away from the camera.o One of most important devices for effectively articulating the Z-axiso Creates a dynamic volume duality and intensifying the illusion of a third dimension on the two-dimensional screen.Volume duality (positive and negative volume): Positive Volume: o Volume is characterized by mass and substance o Has substance- it can be touched and has a clearly described mass. Ex: Cars, pillars, desks, and chairs, and people.o Any screen image that has the appearance of substance. Negative Volume: o Characterized by empty space delineated by positive space most of the time.o Negative volume is always defined by positive space; otherwise it is not defined as volume. Ex: Unlimited negative space, such as a cloudless sky, constitutes negative space but not negative volume. Ex: The interior of a room is a negative volume because it is clearly described bythe positive volumes of the walls, ceiling, and floor. Ex: The hole in a doughnut is also a negative volume, but the space surroundingthe donut is not (assuming the larger negative volume of the room is ignored)Blocking along the z axis: Z-axis blocking: o Refers to placing people and their movements primarily along the z-axis – toward and away from the camera.o One of the major devices for effectively articulating the z-axis, creating a dynamic volume duality and intensifying the illusion of a third dimension of the two-dimensional screen.o Lateral and diagonal positions.o Place your action on the z-axis.o When structuring the three-dimensional field you must take into account the element of change which = movement of the event itself, of the camera, and of the sequence of shots. Ex: A camera that dollies past a row of columns, people dancing, cars moving along the z-axis, a zoom, or a cut from one camera to another – all create a changing structural pattern, a changing three-dimensional field.Volume and volume duality Volume: o When negative volume outweighs the positive volume we experience a sense of: Mobility Lightness Openness Volume Duality :o The interplay between positive and negative volumeso The dynamic changing of relationship between negative and positive volumes.o You manipulate the volumes to convey a certain message when shooting a show/film.Dominant volume Dominant Volume: o Confine movemento Feeling restrictedo Boxed ino Stuff small spaces with many things Dominant Positive Volume: o Too much positive volume can make you feel restricted or boxed in.o If you want to create the sense of confined space, you need to crowd the negative volumewith positive volumes (stuff things into relatively small space) Ex: want to show crowded office- place lots of desks and file cabinets in close proximity. Dominant Negative Volume:o When a space feels open, free, and unrestricted.o Less restricted, more mobility, spacious, feeling vastnesso Isolates can and us make us feel insignificant and humble in the presence of so much emptiness.o Overly dominant negative volume can make us feel isolated, cold, lost, uncomfortable Ex: Open plaza, empty stadium What camera angle/lighting can be utilized to emphasize a dominance of positive volume? What would be an effective way to convey the power of a manifestation/protest/riot? Depth of field & the factors that can impact Depth of Field: o Range of distance over which objects in a picture will remain in critical focus. Standard terms to characterize depth of field:o Shallow: where there is not a long range of objects in focus o Great: where there is a long range of objects in focus. Depth of field is affected by: o Aperture: hole/opening through which light travelso Focal length: Specific zoom lens position Distance between the optical center of lens to the plane (Foreground, middle ground, background) where the image is focused, The zoom control of the camera changes the focal length. A long focal length has a narrow field of view, meaning that it compresses the image. A short focal length has a wide field of view.Wide and narrow angle lens distortion & Properties of wide and narrow angle lenses Wide angle lens distortion: o A wide-angle lens (short focal length, zoomed out) exaggerates size relationships.o A wide angle lens stretches the z-axiso Exaggerate size relationshipso An object close to the camera appears much larger than a similarly object placed just a short z-axis distance increaseso Object in front is BIG exampleo Message: importance, order, power, fear, stress, dangero Ordinary shots can become highly dramatic through a wide-angle lens. Narrow angle lens distortion: o The crowding of objects through a narrow-angle lens can cause a variety of perceptions.o A narrow-angle lens (long focal length, zoomed in) reduces negative space and crowds objectso It shortens the z-axiso Crowding of objects through a narrow-angle lenso Causes mass elements of visual pollutiono Rob of individualityo Condensation of itemso Danger situations (closeness of cars, assault)o Long-focal-length (crowded effecto Lost in translation Ex: Shooting heavy traffic along the z-axis with an extremely long-focal-length les (zoomed in all the way to its narrowest-angle position) crowds the vehicles even more than they really are. (Readily communicates frustration of rush hour traffic)Special effects, Second order space Special Effects: o Graphication: The process of inserting letters and lines or secondary
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